| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 500mg |
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| Other Sizes |
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Purity: ≥98%
| Targets |
Naturally occurring anthraquinone
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
1-Hydroxyanthraquinone has been isolated from the roots of Rubia cordifolia, Morinda officinalis and Damnacanthus indicus, from the heartwood of Tabebuia avellanedae and the herb Cassia occidentalis.
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| ln Vivo |
1-Hydroxyanthraquinone (HA) produces a potent response for DNA repair and is carcinogenic in rats[1].
The carcinogenic potential of 1-hydroxyanthraquinone (HA), a naturally occurring compound, was examined. A total of 60 male ACI/N rats, 1.5 months old at the commencement were divided into two groups. Group 1 (30 rats) were fed the diet containing HA at a concentration of 1% throughout the experiment (480 days). Group 2 (30 rats) served as the control given a basal diet alone. Twenty-five of 29 effective animals in group 1 developed adenomas or adenocarcinomas in the cecum or upper portion of the colon, the mean number of large bowel tumors/tumor bearing rat being 2.3. In addition to these intestinal tumors, liver neoplasms (neoplastic nodules and hepatocellular carcinomas) were observed in 12 rats and benign stomach tumors were obtained in five animals; no rats of group 2 demonstrating development of any of these tumor types. The incidences of the large bowel, liver and stomach neoplasms in group 1 were all significant as compared with group 2 (P less than 2 x 10(-13), P less than 5 x 10(-5) and P less than 3 x 10(-2) respectively) clearly indicating that HA is carcinogenic in rats.[1] |
| Animal Protocol |
Animal/Disease Models: Thirty rats[1].
Doses: 1% HA in diet. Route of Administration: Diet. Experimental Results: Associated with diminished weight gain which was particularly marked towards the termination of experiment. One of the 30 rats in group 1 (experimental group) died of pneumonia 243 days after the start of experiment. A second rat died in an unnourished state at day 280, demonstrating a large tumor in the colon. Seven animals of the group died spontaneously or were sacrificed upon becoming moribund between 335 and 462 days. A total of 21 rats of group 1 survived until the end of experiment (mean value of total intake of HA/rat was 76.8 g). |
| References |
[1]. H Mori, et al. Carcinogenicity of naturally occurring 1-hydroxyanthraquinone in rats: induction of large bowel, liver and stomach neoplasms. Carcinogenesis. 1990 May;11(5):799-802.
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| Additional Infomation |
1-hydroxyanthraquinone is a monohydroxyanthraquinone. 1-Hydroxyanthraquinone can be used as an intermediate in the production of dyes and drugs.
1-Hydroxyanthraquinone is a natural product found in Rheum palmatum, Morinda citrifolia, and Handroanthus impetiginosus with data available. 1-Hydroxyanthraquinone can cause cancer according to California Labor Code. A general method for synthesis of anthraquinones, including 1-hydroxy-anthraquinone, has been developed. The anthraquinones were obtained under mild conditions from ortho-dicarboxylic acid chlorides and suitable aromatic substrates via a FriedelCrafts process. IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972-PRESENT. (Multivolume work). Available at: https://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Classification/index.php, p. 1-Hydroxyanthraquinone has been synthesized by diazotization of 1-aminoanthraquinone and heating the diazonium salt with concentrated sulfuric acid. After dilution with water, the precipitated crude product was diluted with acetone and purified by preparative thin-layer chromatography (TLC) in toluene:ethyl formate:formic acid (75:24:1). 1-Hydroxyanthraquinone has also been prepared in 96.4% yield by reacting 1-nitroanthraquinone with sodium formate in dimethylformamide at 130 C for 17 hours. 1-Hydroxyanthraquinone was found to be absorbed when continuously administered to rats (strain not specified) by stomach tube (50 mg suspended in aqueous gum arabic), and its metabolites were identified by paper chromatography. Urine and feces were collected during 48 hours after treatment and extracted with diethyl ether. Of the 1-hydroxyanthraquinone originally present, 2.49% and 0.74% were converted into alizarin (1,2-dihydroxyanthraquinone), in urine and feces, respectively. The alizarin was then excreted after sulfation and glucuronidation. |
| Molecular Formula |
C14H8O3
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
224.21
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| Exact Mass |
224.05
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| Elemental Analysis |
C, 75.00; H, 3.60; O, 21.41
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| CAS # |
129-43-1
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| Appearance |
Yellow to orange solid powder
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| Density |
1.4±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
414.8±14.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
194°C
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| Flash Point |
218.8±16.6 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.0 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.695
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| LogP |
3.97
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| tPSA |
54.37
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| SMILES |
C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=O)C3=C(C2=O)C(=CC=C3)O
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| InChi Key |
BTLXPCBPYBNQNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C14H8O3/c15-11-7-3-6-10-12(11)14(17)9-5-2-1-4-8(9)13(10)16/h1-7,15H
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| Chemical Name |
1-hydroxyanthracene-9,10-dione
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| Synonyms |
1-Hydroxyanthraquinone; NSC 8640; NSC-8640; NSC8640; 1-HYDROXYANTHRAQUINONE; 129-43-1; 1-hydroxyanthracene-9,10-dione; 1-Hydroxy anthraquinone; 9,10-Anthracenedione, 1-hydroxy-; 1-Hydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone; 1-Hydroxyanthrachinon; Hydroxyanthraquinone; 1 Hydroxyanthraquinone
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~16.7 mg/mL (~74.4 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 4.4601 mL | 22.3005 mL | 44.6010 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.8920 mL | 4.4601 mL | 8.9202 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4460 mL | 2.2301 mL | 4.4601 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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