| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1mg |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 50mg |
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| Other Sizes |
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| Targets |
AT1 Receptor AT2 Receptor
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
Angiotensin II (Ang II) human acetate's majority of known effects are mediated by AT1 receptors, whereas the AT2 receptor helps control blood pressure and kidney function[1]. Vasoconstriction, sympathetic nervous system stimulation, enhanced aldosterone production, and renal activities are the main ways that angiotensin II human acetate elevates blood pressure (BP). Additional effects of Angiotensin II human acetate include stimulating the development, migration, and mitosis of vascular smooth muscle cells; fibroblasts producing more collagen type I and III, which thickens the heart and vascular wall; and fibrosis. Type 1 Ang II receptors (AT1) mediate these actions[2]. In the Matrigel experiment, angiotensin II (1 nM) increases capillary formation from human coronary endothelial cells and stimulates the production of LOX-1 and VEGF. The Ang II type 1 receptor blocker Losartan, the nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase inhibitor apocynin, and the anti-LOX-1 antibody all inhibited the effects of angiotensin II-mediated expression of VEGF and LOX-1, capillary formation, intracellular reactive oxygen species generation, and phosphorylation of p38 and p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinases[3]. However, the Ang II type 2 receptor blocker PD123319 did not have this effect.
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| ln Vivo |
Angiotensin II human (5 mL of 1 nM; intraperitoneal injection; 200–250 g Sprague-Dawley rats) acetate causes a notable increase in neutrophil recruitment, which peaked at 4 hours and resolved by 24[4]. Each rat has an osmotic minipumps implanted subcutaneously to continuously inject Angiotensin II human (1000 ng/kg/min) acetate for four weeks in order to identify the AT1 receptor population that is crucial for the etiology of hypertension. By stimulating AT1 receptors in the kidney and facilitating salt reabsorption, angiotensin II human acetate raises blood pressure[5].
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| References |
[1]. de Gasparo M, et al. International union of pharmacology. XXIII. The angiotensin II receptors. Pharmacol Rev. 2000 Sep;52(3):415-72.
[2]. Fyhrquist F, et al. Role of angiotensin II in blood pressure regulation and in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disorders. J Hum Hypertens. 1995 Nov;9 Suppl 5:S19-24. [3]. Hu C, et al. Angiotensin II induces capillary formation from endothelial cells via the LOX-1 dependent redox-sensitive pathway. Hypertension. 2007;50(5):952-957. [4]. Nabah YN, et al. Angiotensin II induces neutrophil accumulation in vivo through generation and release of CXC chemokines. Circulation. 2004;110(23):3581-3586. [5]. Crowley SD, et al. Angiotensin II causes hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy through its receptors in the kidney. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Nov 21;103(47):17985-90. |
| Molecular Formula |
C52H75N13O14
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
1106.23
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| CAS # |
68521-88-0
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| Related CAS # |
Angiotensin II human;4474-91-3;Angiotensin II human TFA;2761969-44-0
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| Appearance |
Typically exists as solids (or liquids in special cases) at room temperature
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| SMILES |
O=C([C@]([H])(C([H])([H])C1=C([H])N=C([H])N1[H])N([H])C([C@]([H])([C@@]([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H])N([H])C([C@]([H])(C([H])([H])C1C([H])=C([H])C(=C([H])C=1[H])O[H])N([H])C([C@]([H])(C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H])N([H])C([C@]([H])(C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])/N=C(\N([H])[H])/N([H])[H])N([H])C([C@]([H])(C([H])([H])C(=O)O[H])N([H])[H])=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)N1C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[C@@]1([H])C(N([H])[C@]([H])(C(=O)O[H])C([H])([H])C1C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C=1[H])=O.O([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])=O
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O : 25 mg/mL (22.60 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: 10 mg/mL (9.04 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with sonication.
Solubility in Formulation 2: 16.67 mg/mL (15.07 mM) in Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with ultrasonication. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 0.9040 mL | 4.5199 mL | 9.0397 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.1808 mL | 0.9040 mL | 1.8079 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.0904 mL | 0.4520 mL | 0.9040 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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