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100mg | ||
250mg | ||
500mg |
ln Vitro |
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Acinetobacter baumannii, Clostridium difficile, and Streptococcus agalactiae are among the microorganisms that HMO exhibits antibacterial and antibiofilm efficacy against [2]. Human peripheral blood lymphocytes exposed to lacto-N-tetraose (500–2000 μg/mL) do not fragment or exhibit aneuploidy-related symptoms, nor does it elevate the proportion of micronucleated cells [3].
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ln Vivo |
Lacto-N-tetraose (1000-4000 mg/kg; orally; once daily for 90 days) exhibits no harm to newborn SD rats [3].
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Animal Protocol |
Animal/Disease Models: Female neonatal SD rats (housed with dams until weaning after 21 days) [3]
Doses: 1000, 25000 and 4000 mg/kg Route of Administration: po (po (oral gavage)) one time/day for 90 days Experimental Results: Clinical observation No toxicity was demonstrated in terms of body weight, food consumption, development and maturation, clinical pathology, organ weights, or histopathology. |
References |
[1]. Zhu Y, et al. Physiological effects, biosynthesis, and derivatization of key human milk tetrasaccharides, lacto-N-tetraose, and lacto-N-neotetraose. Crit Rev Biotechnol. 2022 Jun;42(4):578-596.
[2]. Craft KM, Thomas HC, Townsend SD. Sialylated variants of lacto-N-tetraose exhibit antimicrobial activity against Group B Streptococcus. Org Biomol Chem. 2019 Feb 13;17(7):1893-1900. [3]. Phipps KR, et al. Preclinical safety evaluation of the human-identical milk oligosaccharide lacto-N-tetraose. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2018 Nov;99:260-273. |
Molecular Formula |
C26H45NO21
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Molecular Weight |
707.63
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CAS # |
14116-68-8
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Appearance |
Typically exists as solids (or liquids in special cases) at room temperature
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SMILES |
CC(N[C@@H]1[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O2)CO)[C@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]1O[C@H]3[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@@H](O[C@@H]4[C@H](OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@H]4O)CO)[C@@H]3O)CO)CO)=O
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HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80: Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 :Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
1 mM | 1.4132 mL | 7.0658 mL | 14.1317 mL | |
5 mM | 0.2826 mL | 1.4132 mL | 2.8263 mL | |
10 mM | 0.1413 mL | 0.7066 mL | 1.4132 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration: mg/mL;
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution: mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation::Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O,mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.