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Purity: =100%
Navitoclax (formerly ABT-263) is a novel, highly potent, orally bioavailable small molecule inhibitor of the BCL (B-cell leukemia) protein family with Ki of 0.5 nM, 1 nM, and 1 nM in cell-free assays. The BCL (B-cell leukemia) protein family includes Bcl-xL, Bcl-2, and Bcl-w. It is currently undergoing Phase studies for the treatment of both solid and liquid tumors and has the potential to fight cancer. ABT-263 mimicks the Bad-like BH3 and binds to Bcl-2 family proteins Bcl-2, Bcl-xl and Bcl-w which disrupts the interaction between Bcl-2/Bcl-xl /Bcl-w and pro-apoptotic proteins such as Bim(Bcl-2-interacting mediator of cell death), Bad (Bcl-2-associated death promoter) and Bak(BCL2-antagonist/killer 1), eventually it will trigger the caspases-initiated cell death pathway to induce apoptosis.
Targets |
Bcl-W (Ki=1 nM); Bcl-xL (Ki=1 nM); Bcl-2 (Ki=1 nM)
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ln Vitro |
The Bcl-2/Bcl-xL interactions with pro-apoptotic proteins are disrupted by ABT-263, which is structurally related to ABT-737. The maintenance, progression, and chemoresistance of tumors are frequently linked to overexpression of prosurvival Bcl-2 family members. ABT-263 exhibits the defense provided by overexpression of Bcl-2 or Bcl-xL with EC50 values of 60 nM and 20 nM, respectively. ABT-263 inhibits 50% of growth in the most sensitive line (H146) with an EC50 of 110 nM, whereas the least sensitive line (H82) exhibits a wide range of cellular activity with an EC50 of 22 M. The two most resistant cell lines (H1048 and H82) are also similarly resistant to ABT-263, as are all four cell lines (H146, H889, H1963, and H1417) with EC50 values of less than 400 nM.
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ln Vivo |
In the H345 xenograft model, significant antitumor efficacy is seen with 80% TGI and 20% of treated tumors indicating at least a 50% reduction in tumor volume. In xenograft models of small-cell lung cancer and acute lymphoblastic leukemia, oral administration of ABT-263 alone results in total tumor regressions. ABT-263 significantly improves the efficacy of clinically pertinent therapeutic regimens in xenograft models of aggressive B-cell lymphoma and multiple myeloma, where it exhibits modest or no single agent activity.
ABT-263 induced significant prolongation of the EFS distribution in 9 of 35 (26%) of the solid tumor xenografts, and in 5 of 6 (83%) of the evaluable ALL xenografts. ABT-263 induced no objective responses in the solid tumor panels, but induced CRs in 3 of 6 evaluable xenografts in the ALL panel, including two that were maintained for an additional 3 weeks following treatment cessation.[1] Navitoclax enhances the activity of docetaxel in vivo[3] As shown in Fig. 1B, docetaxel exhibited positive combination activities with navitoclax in a high percentage of cancer cell lines (78%). Docetaxel represents a clinically relevant anti-microtubule agent approved for use in a variety of tumors. To extend these observations to in vivo, navitoclax was tested in combination with docetaxel in the SKOV3 ovarian cancer xenograft model using a variety of different schedules (Fig. 2). As a monotherapy, navitoclax dosed orally once a day at 100 mg/kg for 2, 14, or 21 days was not efficacious in the SKOV3 xenograft model (Fig. 2). Docetaxel administered once weekly for 3 cycles at 10 mg/kg/d produced a significant decrease in tumor burden (TGI) of 82% with a delay in regrowth (TGD) of 114% (Table 2). In contrast, bolus dosing of docetaxel dosed 30 mg/kg once intravenously inhibited tumor growth by only 48% with no significant effect on time to progression. ORRs were slightly higher when cyclical dosing was administered, rather than bolus dosing (30% vs. 0%). |
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Enzyme Assay |
Binding affinities (Ki or IC50) of ABT-263 against different isoforms of Bcl-2 family are determined with competitive fluorescence polarization assays. The following peptide probe/protein pairs are used: f-bad (1 nM) and Bcl-xL (6 nM), f-Bax (1 nM) and Bcl-2 (10 nM), f-Bax (1 nM) and Bcl-w (40 nM), f-Noxa (2 nM) and Mcl-1 (40 nM), and f-Bax (1 nM) and Bcl-2-A1 (15 nM). Binding affinities for Bcl-xL are also determined using a time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer assay. Bcl-xL (1 nM, His tagged) is mixed with 200 nM f-Bak, 1 nM Tb-labeled anti-His antibody, and ABT-263 at room temperature for 30 min. Fluorescence is measured on an Envision plate reader using a 340/35 nm excitation filter and 520/525 (f-Bak) and 495/510 nm (Tb-labeled anti-His antibody) emission filters.
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Cell Assay |
Human tumor cell lines SCLC cell lines are maintained at 37℃ containing 5% CO2. SCLC cell lines are cultured in RPMI 1640 with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 1% sodium pyruvate, 25 mM HEPES, 4.5 g/L glucose, and 1% penicillin/streptomycin. Leukemia and lymphoma cell lines are cultured in RPMI 1640 supplemented with 10% FBS and 1% penicillin/streptomycin. Cells (1-5×10 4) are treated by ABT-263 for 48 hours in 96-well culture plates in a final volume of 100 μL and cytotoxicity is assessed with the CellTiter Glo assay. In vitro cyto toxicity of ABT-263 is assayed.
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Animal Protocol |
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References |
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Additional Infomation |
Navitoclax is a N-sulfonylcarboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-{4-[(4'-chloro-4,4-dimethyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro[biphenyl]-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}benzoic acid with the amino group of 4-{[(2R)-4-(morpholin-4-yl)-1-(phenylsulfanyl)butan-2-yl]amino}-3-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]benzenesulfonamide. It is a BH3-mimetic drug which targets the anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) family proteins, including BCL-2, BCL-xL, and BCL-w, and induces apoptosis in cancer cells. Currently under clinical investigation as treatment for solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. It has a role as a B-cell lymphoma 2 inhibitor, an apoptosis inducer and an antineoplastic agent. It is a member of piperazines, a member of monochlorobenzenes, a member of morpholines, an aryl sulfide, a N-sulfonylcarboxamide, a sulfone, an organofluorine compound, a secondary amino compound and a tertiary amino compound.
Navitoclax has been used in trials studying the treatment and basic science of Solid Tumors, Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma, EGFR Activating Mutation, Chronic Lymphoid Leukemia, and Hematological Malignancies, among others. Navitoclax is an orally bioavailable small molecule inhibitor of Bcl-2 family proteins. It is a substance being studied in the treatment of lymphomas and other types of cancer. It blocks some of the enzymes that keep cancer cells from dying. Navitoclax is an orally active, synthetic small molecule and an antagonist of a subset of the B-cell leukemia 2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins with potential antineoplastic activity. Navitoclax selectively binds to apoptosis suppressor proteins Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, and Bcl-w, which are frequently overexpressed in a wide variety of cancers, including those of the lymph, breast, lung, prostate, and colon, and are linked to tumor drug resistance. Inhibition of these apoptosis suppressors prevents their binding to the apoptotic effectors Bax and Bak proteins, thereby triggering apoptotic processes in cells overexpressing Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, and Bcl-w. This eventually reduces tumor cell proliferation. Drug Indication: Treatment of myelofibrosis Mechanism of Action: Navitoclax targets the Bcl-2 family of proteins, the major negative regulators of apoptosis. The Bcl-2 proteins, including Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, and Bcl-w, work by binding to two other groups of proteins-the executioners (Bax, Bak) that actually start the destruction pathway, and the sentinel proteins. Cancer cells frequently overexpress the Bcl-2-like proteins, and thus, when they sustain DNA damage-from radiation, for example-they continue growing. Preventing the Bcl-2-like proteins from binding to the executioners might be able to trigger cell death in the tumor. View MoreABT-263 is a potent (K(i) < 1 nM) small-molecule BH3 mimetic that inhibits the antiapoptotic proteins Bcl-2, Bcl-x(L) and Bcl-w. The structurally related Bcl-2 inhibitor ABT-737 exhibits single-agent preclinical activity against lymphoma, small-cell lung carcinoma, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia and displays synergistic cytotoxicity with chemotherapeutics and radiation.ABT-263 demonstrated in vitro activity against a range of cell lines, with the ALL cell lines showing the greatest sensitivity. ABT-263 demonstrated limited single agent in vivo activity against the PPTP's solid tumor panels but showed significant activity against xenografts in the ALL panel.[1] To examine the potential of combining Bcl-2 family inhibitors with chemotherapy in ovarian cancer, we evaluated a panel of 27 ovarian cancer cell lines for response to the combination of navitoclax (formerly ABT-263) and paclitaxel or gemcitabine. The majority of cell lines exhibited a greater than additive response to either combination, as determined by the Bliss independence model, and more than 50% of the ovarian cell lines exhibited strong synergy for the navitoclax/paclitaxel combination. To identify biomarkers for tumors likely to respond to this combination, we evaluated the protein levels of intrinsic apoptosis pathway components. Bcl-x(L) seems necessary, but not sufficient, for navitoclax/paclitaxel synergy in vitro, suggesting that exclusion of patients whose tumors have low or undetectable Bcl-x(L) would enrich for patients responsive to the combination. We evaluated Bcl-x(L) levels in ovarian cancer tumor tissue from 40 patients (20 taxane responsive and 20 with poor response to taxane) and found that patients with high Bcl-x(L) were less sensitive to taxane treatment (10 of 12) Bcl-x(L) positive patients, P = 0.014). These data support the use of navitoclax in combination with taxane-based therapy in ovarian cancer patients with high levels of Bcl-x(L).[2] The ability of a cancer cell to avoid apoptosis is crucial to tumorigenesis and can also contribute to chemoresistance. The Bcl-2 family of prosurvival proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-X(L), Bcl-w, Mcl-1, and A1) plays a key role in these processes. We previously reported the discovery of ABT-263 (navitoclax), a potent small-molecule inhibitor of Bcl-2, Bcl-X(L), and Bcl-w. While navitoclax exhibits single-agent activity in tumors dependent on Bcl-2 or Bcl-X(L) for survival, the expression of Mcl-1 has been shown to confer resistance to navitoclax, most notably in solid tumors. Thus, therapeutic agents that can downregulate or neutralize Mcl-1 are predicted to synergize potently with navitoclax. Here, we report the activity of navitoclax in combination with 19 clinically relevant agents across a panel of 46 human solid tumor cell lines. Navitoclax broadly enhanced the activity of multiple therapeutic agents in vitro and enhanced efficacy of both docetaxel and erlotinib in xenograft models. The ability of navitoclax to synergize with docetaxel or erlotinib corresponded to an altered sensitivity of the mitochondria toward navitoclax, which was associated with the downmodulation of Mcl-1 and/or upregulation of Bim. These data provide a rationale to interrogate these combinations clinically.[3] |
Molecular Formula |
C47H55CLF3N5O6S3
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Molecular Weight |
974.612717866898
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Exact Mass |
973.29551
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Elemental Analysis |
C, 57.92; H, 5.69; Cl, 3.64; F, 5.85; N, 7.19; O, 9.85; S, 9.87
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CAS # |
923564-51-6
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Related CAS # |
Navitoclax-d8;1217620-38-6; 923564-51-6; 2143096-93-7 (Navitoclax-piperazine); 1093851-28-5 (HCl)
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PubChem CID |
24978538
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Appearance |
White to light yellow solid powder
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Density |
1.4±0.1 g/cm3
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Melting Point |
114-116ºC
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Index of Refraction |
1.655
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LogP |
12.14
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tPSA |
170.42
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InChi Key |
JLYAXFNOILIKPP-KXQOOQHDSA-N
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InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C47H55ClF3N5O6S3/c1-46(2)20-18-42(34-8-12-37(48)13-9-34)36(31-46)32-55-22-24-56(25-23-55)39-14-10-35(11-15-39)45(57)53-65(60,61)41-16-17-43(44(30-41)64(58,59)47(49,50)51)52-38(19-21-54-26-28-62-29-27-54)33-63-40-6-4-3-5-7-40/h3-17,30,38,52H,18-29,31-33H2,1-2H3,(H,53,57)/t38-/m1/s1
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Chemical Name |
(R)-4-(4-((4'-chloro-4,4-dimethyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-yl)methyl)piperazin-1-yl)-N-((4-((4-morpholino-1-(phenylthio)butan-2-yl)amino)-3-((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)sulfonyl)benzamide
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Synonyms |
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HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
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Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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Solubility (In Vitro) |
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Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: 2.08 mg/mL (2.13 mM) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), suspension solution; with sonication.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: 2.08 mg/mL (2.13 mM) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), suspension solution; with ultrasonication. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C,1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (2.13 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 4: 55% DMSO+Corn oil: 8mg/mL Solubility in Formulation 5: 7.5 mg/mL (7.70 mM) in 60% phosal 50 propylene glycol (PG), 30% polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG400), 10% ethanol (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with ultrasonication. |
Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
1 mM | 1.0261 mL | 5.1303 mL | 10.2605 mL | |
5 mM | 0.2052 mL | 1.0261 mL | 2.0521 mL | |
10 mM | 0.1026 mL | 0.5130 mL | 1.0261 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration: mg/mL;
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution: mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation::Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O,mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
NCT Number | Status | Interventions | Conditions | Sponsor/Collaborators | Start Date | Phases |
NCT04472598 | Active Recruiting |
Drug: Navitoclax Drug: Ruxolitinib Drug: Placebo for Navitoclax |
Myelofibrosis (MF) | AbbVie | September 29, 2020 | Phase 3 |
NCT03222609 | Active Recruiting |
Drug: Ruxolitinib Drug: Navitoclax |
Myelofibrosis (MF) | AbbVie | October 31, 2017 | Phase 2 |
NCT02520778 | Active Recruiting |
Drug: Navitoclax Drug: Osimertinib |
Stage III Lung Non-Small Cell Cancer AJCC v7 |
National Cancer Institute (NCI) |
August 30, 2016 | Phase 1 |
NCT04041050 | Active Recruiting |
Drug: Navitoclax Drug: Ruxolitinib Drug: Celecoxib |
Myeloproliferative Neoplasm | AbbVie | November 8, 2019 | Phase 1 |
NCT02143401 | Active Recruiting |
Drug: Sorafenib Drug: Sorafenib Tosylate |
Cirrhosis Hepatitis B Infection |
National Cancer Institute (NCI) |
November 7, 2014 | Phase 1 |