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Purity: ≥98%
Ambrisentan (formerly BSF-208075; LU-208075; BSF208075; LU208075; Letairis; Volibris; pulmonext) is a selective antagonist of the endothelin-1 type A receptor (ETA). For the treatment of pulmonary hypertension, ambrisentan has received FDA approval.
| Targets |
ETA receptor
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| Cell Assay |
Cells are randomly assigned to four groups for every BMEC experiment, unless otherwise specified: (1) normoxia vehicle control (Nx-CTRL); (2) normoxia-treated; (3) hypoxia (24 h) control (Hx-CTRL); and (4) hypoxia (24 h) treated. Nrf2 activators are added 24 hours before any hypoxic exposures, as previously mentioned. Protandim (100 μg/mL), methazolamide (125 μg/mL), nifedipine (7 μg/mL), or ambrisentan (40 μg/mL) are the cell treatments. Additionally, Nrf2 siRNA is applied to a subset of cells. In these tests, siRNA is added 24 hours before medication administration. The purpose of the 24-hour hypoxia exposure for BMEC is to guarantee that the cells maintain their siRNA transfection both during the 24-hour hypoxia exposure and during the drug pre-treatment (24 hours in normoxia). On three different days (n=9), data is gathered from a minimum of three distinct cell culture preparations[2].
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| Additional Infomation |
Ambrisentan is a diarylmethane.
Ambrisentan is an orally active selective type A endothelin receptor antagonist indicated for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. It is approved in Europe, Canada and the United States for use as a single agent to improve exercise ability and delay clinical worsening. In addition, it is approved in the United States for use in combination with tadalafil to reduce the risks of disease progression, hospitalization and to improve exercise ability. Studies establishing the efficacy of Ambrisentan included patients with both idiopathic or heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension and those with pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with connective tissue diseases. Patients studied displayed symptoms and etiologies predominantly of WHO Functional Class II-III. As an endothelin receptor antagonist, Ambrisentan prevents endogenous endothelin peptide from constricting the muscles in blood vessels, allowing them to relax and permit a reduction in blood pressure.
Ambrisentan is an Endothelin Receptor Antagonist. The mechanism of action of ambrisentan is as an Endothelin Receptor Antagonist. Ambrisentan is an endothelin receptor antagonist used in the therapy of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Ambrisentan has been associated with a low rate of serum enzyme elevations during therapy, but has yet to be implicated in cases of clinically apparent acute liver injury. Ambrisentan is an orally bioavailable, selective antagonist of the endothelin type-A (ETA) receptor that may be used for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Upon administration, ambrisentan targets and binds to ETA receptor, which prevents the binding of endothelin-1 (ET-1) to the ETA receptor and ET-1/ETA-mediated vasoconstriction and cell proliferation. This may lead to vasodilation. ET-1 concentrations are increased in plasma as well as lung tissue in PAH, and ET-1 may play a key role in the pathogenesis of PAH. View MoreAmbrisentan 10 mg daily had no significant effect on the QTc interval, whereas a 40 mg daily dose of ambrisentan increased mean QTc at tmax by 5 ms with an upper 95% confidence limit of 9 ms. Significant QTc prolongation is not expected in patients taking ambrisentan without concomitant metabolic inhibitors. Plasma concentrations of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) in patients who received ambrisentan for 12 weeks were significantly decreased. Two Phase III placebo-controlled studies demonstrated a decrease in BNP plasma concentrations by 29% in the 2.5 mg group, 30% in the 5 mg group, and 45% in the 10 mg group (p < 0.001 for each dose group) and an increase by 11% in the placebo group. Absorption Ambrisentan is rapidly absorbed with peak plasma concentrations occuring around 2 hours after oral administration. Cmax and AUC increase proportionally with dose across the therapeutic dosing range. Absolute oral bioavailability of ambrisentan is unknown. Absorption is not affected by food. Route of Elimination Ambrisentan is primarily cleared by non-renal pathways. Along with its metabolites, ambrisentan is primarily found in the feces following hepatic and/or extra-hepatic metabolism. Approximately 22% of the administered dose is recovered in the urine following oral administration with 3.3% being unchanged ambrisentan. Volume of Distribution Ambrisentan has a low distribution into red blow cells, with a mean blood:plasma ratio of 0.57 and 0.61 in males and females, respectively. Clearance The mean oral clearance of ambrisentan was found to be 38 mL/min in healthy subjects and 19 mL/min in patients with pulmonary artery hypertension. Metabolism / Metabolites Ambrisentan is a metabolized primarily by uridine 5’-diphosphate glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) 1A9S, 2B7S,1A3S to form ambrisentan glucuronide. Ambrisentan is also metabolized to a lesser extent by CYP3A4, CYP3A5 and CYP2C19 to form 4- hydroxymethyl ambrisentan which is further glucuronidated to 4-hydroxymethyl ambrisentan glucuronide. Biological Half-Life Ambrisentan has a terminal half-life of 15 hours. It is thought that steady state is achieved after around 4 days of repeat-dosing. Mechanism of Action Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is an endogenous peptide that acts on the endothelin type A (ETA) and endothelin type B (ETB) receptors in vascular smooth muscle and endothelium. ETA-mediated actions include vasoconstriction and cell proliferation, whereas ETB predominantly mediates vasodilation, anti-proliferation, and ET-1 clearance. In patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension, ET-1 levels are increased and correlate with increased right arterial pressure and severity of disease. Ambrisentan is one of several newly developed vasodilator drugs that selectively target the endothelin type A (ETA) receptor, inhibiting its action and preventing vasoconstriction. Selective inhibition of the ETA receptor prevents phospholipase C-mediated vasoconstriction and protein kinase C-mediated cell proliferation. Endothelin type B (ETB) receptor function is not significantly inhibited, and nitric oxide and prostacyclin production, cyclic GMP- and cyclic AMP-mediated vasodilation, and endothelin-1 (ET-1) clearance is preserved. Ambrisentan is indicated for treatment of idiopathic (‘primary’) pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) associated with connective tissue disease in patients with WHO functional class II or III symptoms. In the United States of America, ambrisentan is also indicated in combination with tadalafil to reduce the risks of disease progression and hospitalization for worsening PAH, and to improve exercise ability. |
| Molecular Formula |
C22H22N2O4
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
378.42
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| Exact Mass |
378.16
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| Elemental Analysis |
C, 69.83; H, 5.86; N, 7.40; O, 16.91
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| CAS # |
177036-94-1
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| Related CAS # |
Ambrisentan sodium; 1386915-48-5; Ambrisentan-d10; 1046116-27-1
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| PubChem CID |
6918493
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.228g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
551.1ºC at 760mmHg
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| Melting Point |
>150°C
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| Flash Point |
287.1ºC
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| Vapour Pressure |
5.56E-13mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.593
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| LogP |
3.52
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| tPSA |
81.54
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| SMILES |
CC1=CC(=NC(=N1)O[C@H](C(=O)O)C(C2=CC=CC=C2)(C3=CC=CC=C3)OC)C
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| InChi Key |
OUJTZYPIHDYQMC-LJQANCHMSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C22H22N2O4/c1-15-14-16(2)24-21(23-15)28-19(20(25)26)22(27-3,17-10-6-4-7-11-17)18-12-8-5-9-13-18/h4-14,19H,1-3H3,(H,25,26)/t19-/m1/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2S)-2-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)oxy-3-methoxy-3,3-diphenylpropanoic acid
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| Synonyms |
LU-208075; BSF-208075; BSF208075; LU208075; BSF 208075; Letairis; Volibris; LU-208075; BSF-208075; (S)-2-(4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yloxy)-3-methoxy-3,3-diphenylpropanoic acid; (S)-2-((4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)oxy)-3-methoxy-3,3-diphenylpropanoic acid; LU 208075; trade name Letairis; Volibris; pulmonext
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.61 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.61 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 0.71 mg/mL (1.88 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% EtOH + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 4: ≥ 0.71 mg/mL (1.88 mM) in 10% EtOH + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 7.1 mg/mL clear EtOH stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix well. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 5: 10% EtOH + 90% Corn Oil Solubility in Formulation 6: 12.5 mg/mL (33.03 mM) in 0.5% CMC-Na/saline water (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), suspension solution; with ultrasonication. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.6426 mL | 13.2128 mL | 26.4257 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5285 mL | 2.6426 mL | 5.2851 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2643 mL | 1.3213 mL | 2.6426 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
| NCT Number | Recruitment | interventions | Conditions | Sponsor/Collaborators | Start Date | Phases |
| NCT05437224 | Completed | Drug: Ambrisentan | Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension | RenJi Hospital | December 18, 2018 | Phase 3 |
| NCT01330108 | Completed | Drug: ambrisentan | Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension | University of Alabama at Birmingham | May 2011 | Phase 4 |
| NCT01072669 | Completed | Drug: ambrisentan | Ischemia | Soumya Chatterjee | February 2010 | Not Applicable |
| NCT01224210 | Completed | Drug: Ambrisentan | Portopulmonary Hypertension | Tufts Medical Center | March 2010 | Phase 3 |
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