![Ampicillin [D-(-)-α-Aminobenzylpenicillin)]](/upload/1124/V5324.png)
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Ampicillin [D-(-)-α-Aminobenzylpenicillin)] is a potent broad-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic widely used to prevent and treat a number of bacterial infections, such as respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, meningitis, salmonellosis, and endocarditis. It may also be used to prevent group B streptococcal infection in newborns. It is used by mouth, by injection into a muscle, or intravenously. Like all antibiotics, it is not useful for the treatment of viral infections.
| Targets |
β-lactam
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
Ampicillin has a dose-dependent effect on swine-derived E. Coli growth inhibition. Ampicillin's effective inhibitory concentration was 2.5 uG/mL[1].
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| ln Vivo |
When hemorrhagic enteritis strikes an 11-week-old pig, ampicillin works wonders to relieve the symptoms[1]. Maximum concentrations of ampicillin are twice as high in bile as they are in serum. After an oral dosage, the peak concentration of ampicillin in portal blood is twice as high as in peripheral blood[2]. Neuroprotection against brain damage caused by ischemia-reperfusion is offered by ampicillin. Ampicillin raises the level of GLT-1 expression while decreasing MMP activity. After global forebrain ischemia, pretreatment with ampicillin dramatically lowers medial hippocampal cell death[3].
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| Animal Protocol |
Mice: Normal saline is used to dissolve ampicillin. After receiving halothane anesthesia, male C57BL/6 mice had their common carotid arteries blocked bilaterally for 40 minutes. Penicillin G (6,000 U/kg or 20,000 U/kg, intraperitoneally [i.p.]) or ampicillin (200 mg/kg) was given intraperitoneally (i.p.) every day for five days prior to transient forebrain ischemia. The same volume and timing of saline administration were used for the control animals[3].
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| References |
| Molecular Formula |
C16H19N3O4S
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
349.40476
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| Exact Mass |
349.11
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| Elemental Analysis |
C, 55.00; H, 5.48; N, 12.03; O, 18.32; S, 9.18
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| CAS # |
69-53-4
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| Related CAS # |
Ampicillin sodium;69-52-3;Ampicillin trihydrate;7177-48-2;Ampicillin-d5;1426173-65-0
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| Appearance |
Solid powder
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| SMILES |
CC1(C(N2C(S1)C(C2=O)NC(=O)C(C3=CC=CC=C3)N)C(=O)O)C
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| InChi Key |
AVKUERGKIZMTKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C16H19N3O4S/c1-16(2)11(15(22)23)19-13(21)10(14(19)24-16)18-12(20)9(17)8-6-4-3-5-7-8/h3-7,9-11,14H,17H2,1-2H3,(H,18,20)(H,22,23)
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| Chemical Name |
(2S,5R,6R)-6-[[(2R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetyl]amino]-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid
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| Synonyms |
Aminobenzylpenicillin; Ampicillin acid; Principen; Amcill;
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
0.1 M NaOH : ~25 mg/mL (~71.55 mM)
H2O : ~4.9 mg/mL (~14.02 mM) |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.8620 mL | 14.3102 mL | 28.6205 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5724 mL | 2.8620 mL | 5.7241 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2862 mL | 1.4310 mL | 2.8620 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
| NCT Number | Recruitment | interventions | Conditions | Sponsor/Collaborators | Start Date | Phases |
| NCT00879190 | COMPLETEDWITH RESULTS | Drug: Unasyn Drug: Ampicillin/gentamicin |
Chorioamnionitis | Stanford University | 2009-05 | Phase 2 Phase 3 |
| NCT01433757 | COMPLETED | Drug: Ampicillin Drug: Sugar pill |
DYT-1 Dystonia |
University of Florida | 2011-09 | Phase 1 |
| NCT02427932 | COMPLETED | Drug: Ampicillin Drug: Ampicillin and Gentamicin Drug: Gentamicin |
Drug Metabolism During Pregnancy | Stanford University | 2015-05 | |
| NCT06368102 | RECRUITING | Drug: Ampicillin | Surgical Site Infection | Uji Takeda Hospital | 2024-05-02 | Phase 4 |
| NCT01138852 | COMPLETED | Drug: Ampicillin-sulbactam Drug: Cefuroxime |
Surgical Site Infections | Attikon Hospital | 2004-07 | Phase 4 |
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