Arbutamine has a pD2 value of 8.45 and promotes myocardial contractility at concentrations between 0.1 and 100 nM. Abutamine's affinity constant (KA) for cardiac β1-adrenergic receptors is 7.32 [3].

Abbutamide (intravenous; 5, 10, 50, 100, and 250 ng/kg/min) increased mean heart rate, peak left ventricular positive pressure and its first derivative, and normal zone myocardium thickness in 8 open-chest dogs ( average body weight, 26.91 kg) [3].

Metabolism / Metabolites
Primarily metabolized to methoxyarbutamine. Another possible metabolite is ketoarbutamine. The metabolites of arbutamine appear to have less pharmacological activity and a longer half-life and than the parental drug.

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Biological Half-Life
Elimination half-life is approximately 8 minutes.

Protein Binding
58%

[1]. Ruiz M, et al. Arbutamine stress perfusion imaging in dogs with critical coronary artery stenoses: (99m)Tc-sestamibi versus (201)Tl. J Nucl Med. 2002 May;43(5):664-70.
[2]. Nagarajan R, et al. A novel catecholamine, arbutamine, for a pharmacological cardiac stress agent. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 1996 Mar;10(1):31-8.
[3]. Abou-Mohamed G, et, al. Characterization of the adrenergic activity of arbutamine, a novel agent for pharmacological stress testing. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 1996 Mar;10(1):39-47.

Arbutamine is a catecholamine. It has a role as a beta-adrenergic agonist and a cardiotonic drug.
Arbutamine, administered through a closed-loop, computer-controlled drug-delivery system, is indicated to elicit acute cardiovascular responses, similar to those produced by exercise, in order to aid in diagnosing the presence or absence of coronary artery disease in patients who cannot exercise adequately .
Arbutamine is a synthetic catecholamine with positive chronotropic and inotropic properties, used in echocardiography and diagnostic coronary angiography. Arbutamine binds to and activates beta-1 adrenergic receptors in the myocardium, thereby increasing heart rate and increasing force of myocardial contraction. By exerting a chronotropic and inotropic effect, arbutamine mimics the cardiac stress caused by exercise that may prevent adequate tissue perfusion and oxygenation, and may provoke myocardial ischemia in patients with coronary artery disease.

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Drug Indication
Used to elicit acute cardiovascular responses (cardiac stumulant), similar to those produced by exercise, in order to aid in diagnosing the presence or absence of coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients who cannot exercise adequately.

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Mechanism of Action
Arbutamine is a synthetic catecholamine with positive chronotropic and inotropic properties. The chronotropic (increase in heart rate) and inotropic (increase in force of contraction) effects of arbutamine serve to mimic exercise by increasing cardiac work (producing stress) and provoke myocardial ischemia in patients with compromised coronary arteries. The increase in heart rate caused by arbutamine is thought to limit regional subendocardial perfusion, thereby limiting tissue oxygenation. In functional assays, arbutamine is more selective for beta-adrenergic receptors than for alpha-adrenergic receptors. The beta-agonist activity of arbutamine provides cardiac stress by increasing heart rate, cardiac contractility, and systolic blood pressure. The degree of hypotension that occurs for a given chronotropic activity is less with arbutamine than, for example, with isoproterenol because alpha receptor activity is retained.

C18H23NO4

317.37952

317.163

128470-16-6

Arbutamine hydrochloride;125251-66-3

60789

Typically exists as solid at room temperature

1.262g/cm3

578.3ºC at 760mmHg

195.1ºC

2.84

5

5

8

23

320

1

C(CCNC[C@@H](C1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)O)O)CC2=CC=C(C=C2)O

IIRWWTKISYTTBL-SFHVURJKSA-N

InChI=1S/C18H23NO4/c20-15-7-4-13(5-8-15)3-1-2-10-19-12-18(23)14-6-9-16(21)17(22)11-14/h4-9,11,18-23H,1-3,10,12H2/t18-/m0/s1

4-[(1R)-1-hydroxy-2-[4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butylamino]ethyl]benzene-1,2-diol

2934.99.9001

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Note: (1). This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage.  (2). Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture.

Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples

Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.

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Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)
*Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution.
Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil)
Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals).

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Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)]
*Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution.
Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline
Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil)
Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline)

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Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium)
Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals).

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Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400
Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders

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Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently.

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 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)