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Artemether (SM-224)

Alias: Dihydroqinghaosu methyl ether; Dihydroartemisinin methyl ether; SM224; SM-224; Artemos; Artenam; Artesaph; Artesian; Dihydroartemisinin Methyl Ether; Falcidol; Gvither; Larither; Malartem; SM 224; β-Artemether; β-Dihydroartemisinin Methyl Ether
Cat No.:V5182 Purity: ≥98%
Artemether(SM224) is a natural product approved as an antimalarial for the treatment of resistant strains of falciparum malaria.
Artemether (SM-224)
Artemether (SM-224) Chemical Structure CAS No.: 71963-77-4
Product category: Parasite
This product is for research use only, not for human use. We do not sell to patients.
Size Price Stock Qty
500mg
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2g
5g
10g
25g
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Top Publications Citing lnvivochem Products
Purity & Quality Control Documentation

Purity: ≥98%

Product Description

Artemether (SM224) is a natural product approved as an antimalarial for the treatment of resistant strains of falciparum malaria. Artemether effectively kills both malarial parasites P. falciparum and P. vivax. Artemether is usually used in combination with Lumefantrine for the treatment of malaria. Arthemether also kills trematodes of the species Schistosoma, providing protection against schistosomiasis. Sesquiterpene lactones like artemether, artesunate, and artemisinin have potential applications in certain types of cancer and inflammatory conditions.

Biological Activity I Assay Protocols (From Reference)
Targets
Plasmodium
ln Vitro
Rat C6 glioma cell growth is inhibited by artemeether (0-200 μg/mL, 24-72 h) in a dose- and time-dependent manner[2]. Artemether (0-10 μM, 72 h) suppresses the expression of genes related to osteoclast formation (osteoclast precursor cells, BMMs) caused by RANKL (TRAP, NFATc1, V-ATPase-d2, CTSK, DC-STAMP, MMP-9)[2].
Artemether (48 or 96 h) inhibits the proliferation of BALB/c splenocytes induced by ConA or alloantigen (IC50: 6.3 and 3.5 μM)[4]. In BALB/c splenocytes, artemeether (0-50 μM, 16–36 h) suppresses IL-2 and IFN-γ production[4]. Artemether (0-50 μM, 72 h) inhibits cell cycle progression through G1/S transition, as well as ConA-induced splenocyte, CD4+T, and CD8+ T-cell divisions[4].
ln Vivo
In SD rats containing C6 glioma cells, artemeether (0-66 mg/kg, p.o.) inhibits tumor growth and angiogenesis[2].
Mice treated with esters (10 mg/kg, i.p., for 8 days) are shielded from LPS-induced osteolytic bone loss[3].
In the DNFB-induced DTH model in BALB/c mice, artemeether (50 and 100 mg/kg, p.o.) inhibits T-cell-mediated immune responses (ear swelling)[4].
Cell Assay
Cell Line: ConA-stimulated T lymphocytes
Concentration: 1, 10 and 50 μM
Incubation Time: 72 h
Result: Arrested 47, 56 and 91% (at 1, 10 and 50 μM) of the cells at G0/G1 phases, respectively.
Animal Protocol
Animal Model: LPS (5 mg/kg) treated mice[3]
Dosage: 10 mg/kg
Administration: i.p., 8 days
Result: prevented the loss of osteolytic bone and the decrease in bone volume caused by LPS. reduced osteoclast surface/bone surface (Oc.S/BS), increased bone volume/total volume (BV/TV), and number of TRAP-positive cells.
References

[1]. Recent investigations of artemether, a novel agent for the prevention of schistosomiasis japonica, mansoni and haematobia. Acta Trop, 2002. 82(2): p. 175-81.

[2]. Inhibitive effect of artemether on tumor growth and angiogenesis in the rat C6 orthotopic brain gliomas model. Integr Cancer Ther, 2009. 8(1): p. 88-92.

[3]. Artemether attenuates LPS-induced inflammatory bone loss by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption via suppression of MAPK signaling pathway. Cell Death Dis. 2018 May 1;9(5):498.

[4]. Investigation of the immunosuppressive activity of artemether on T-cell activation and proliferation. Br J Pharmacol. 2007 Mar;150(5):652-61.

These protocols are for reference only. InvivoChem does not independently validate these methods.
Physicochemical Properties
Molecular Formula
C16H26O5
Molecular Weight
298.3746
Exact Mass
298.18
Elemental Analysis
C, 64.41; H, 8.78; O, 26.81
CAS #
71963-77-4
Related CAS #
Artemether-d3;93787-85-0
Appearance
Solid powder
SMILES
C[C@@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]([C@H](O[C@H]3[C@@]24[C@H]1CC[C@](O3)(OO4)C)OC)C
InChi Key
SXYIRMFQILZOAM-HVNFFKDJSA-N
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C16H26O5/c1-9-5-6-12-10(2)13(17-4)18-14-16(12)11(9)7-8-15(3,19-14)20-21-16/h9-14H,5-8H2,1-4H3/t9-,10-,11+,12+,13+,14-,15-,16-/m1/s1
Chemical Name
(3R,5aS,6R,8aS,9R,10S,12R,12aR)-decahydro-10-methoxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-3,12-epoxy-12H-pyrano[4,3-j]-1,2-benzodioxepin
Synonyms
Dihydroqinghaosu methyl ether; Dihydroartemisinin methyl ether; SM224; SM-224; Artemos; Artenam; Artesaph; Artesian; Dihydroartemisinin Methyl Ether; Falcidol; Gvither; Larither; Malartem; SM 224; β-Artemether; β-Dihydroartemisinin Methyl Ether
HS Tariff Code
2934.99.9001
Storage

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Shipping Condition
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
Solubility Data
Solubility (In Vitro)
DMSO : 60~100 mg/mL ( 201.09~335.15 mM )
Ethanol : ~60 mg/mL
H2O : ~0.1 mg/mL (~0.34 mM)
Solubility (In Vivo)
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (8.38 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution.

Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (8.38 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C,1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution.

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Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (8.38 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly.


Solubility in Formulation 4: 3% DMSO + 97% Corn oil: 6mg/ml (20.11mM)

 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)
Preparing Stock Solutions 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 3.3515 mL 16.7577 mL 33.5154 mL
5 mM 0.6703 mL 3.3515 mL 6.7031 mL
10 mM 0.3352 mL 1.6758 mL 3.3515 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.

Calculator

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An example of molarity calculation using the molarity calculator is shown below:
What is the mass of compound required to make a 10 mM stock solution in 5 ml of DMSO given that the molecular weight of the compound is 350.26 g/mol?
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Dilution Calculator allows you to calculate how to dilute a stock solution of known concentrations. For example, you may Enter C1, C2 & V2 to calculate V1, as detailed below:

What volume of a given 10 mM stock solution is required to make 25 ml of a 25 μM solution?
Using the equation C1V1 = C2V2, where C1=10 mM, C2=25 μM, V2=25 ml and V1 is the unknown:
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Molecular Weight Calculator allows you to calculate the molar mass and elemental composition of a compound, as detailed below:

Note: Chemical formula is case sensitive: C12H18N3O4  c12h18n3o4
Instructions to calculate molar mass (molecular weight) of a chemical compound:
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Definitions of molecular mass, molecular weight, molar mass and molar weight:
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In vivo Formulation Calculator (Clear solution)
Step 1: Enter information below (Recommended: An additional animal to make allowance for loss during the experiment)
Step 2: Enter in vivo formulation (This is only a calculator, not the exact formulation for a specific product. Please contact us first if there is no in vivo formulation in the solubility section.)
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Calculation results

Working concentration mg/mL;

Method for preparing DMSO stock solution mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.

Method for preparing in vivo formulation:Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O,mix and clarify.

(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
             (2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.

Biological Data
  • Artemether inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis in a dose- and time-dependent manner in vitro without cytotoxicity.[2].Cell Death Dis. 2018 May 1;9(5):498
  • Artemether suppressed mRNA expression of RANKL-induced osteoclast marker genes including TRAP, NFATc1, V-ATPase d2, CTSK, DC-STAMP and MMP-9.[2].Cell Death Dis. 2018 May 1;9(5):498
  • Artemether impaired osteoclastic bone resorption.[2].Cell Death Dis. 2018 May 1;9(5):498.
  • Artemether attenuated osteoclastogensis via inhibition of MAPK signaling pathways without interfering NF-κB and PI3k/Akt signaling pathways.[2].Cell Death Dis. 2018 May 1;9(5):498.
  • Artemether mitigated inflammatory bone erosion in a murine tibial model of LPS-induced inflammatory bone loss.[2].Cell Death Dis. 2018 May 1;9(5):498.
  • Histological evaluation of the effects of artemether on LPS-induced inflammatory bone loss.[2].Cell Death Dis. 2018 May 1;9(5):498.
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