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50mg |
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100mg |
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250mg |
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500mg |
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1g |
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Purity: ≥98%
Atracurium Besylate (also called BW 33A, 51W89) is a neuromuscular blocking agent that acts as a nondepolarizing, skeletal muscle relaxant with ED95 of 0.2 mg/kg. Atracurium besilate is a medication used in addition to other medications to provide skeletal muscle relaxation during surgery or mechanical ventilation. It can also be used to help with endotracheal intubation but suxamethonium (succinylcholine) is generally preferred if this needs to be done quickly.
ln Vitro |
In HSR040622 and HSR040821 cells, atracurium besylate (10 µM; 72 hours) stimulates astrocyte differentiation but not neuronal differentiation [4]. In mice given GSC xenografts in vitro, atracurium besylate (10 µM; 48 hours) decreases tumor engraftment and increases survival [4]. Rat tetanic contractions completely disappear when exposed to atracurium besylate (2.4 µM; 120 min); rat extensor digitorum longus muscle cells twitch very minimally [5].
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ln Vivo |
DBA/2 and SJL mice are induced to bronchoconstriction by intratracheum besylate (1, 5, 10, 20, 50 mg/kg) [2]. Rats experiencing neuromuscular inhibition are subjected to intratracheurium besylate (4.8 mg/kg) [3].
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Cell Assay |
Cell Proliferation Assay[4]
Cell Types: Glioblastoma Stem Cells (GSC) Tested Concentrations: 3, 10, 20 µM Incubation Duration: 72 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: Percentage of GFP-positive cells increased in a dose-dependent manner from 5.3% in DMSO to 15.4%, 81.1% and 86.8% in 3 μM, 10 μM and 20 μM respectively. |
Animal Protocol |
Animal/Disease Models: 5-12 weeks, 15-20 g male mice [2]
Doses: 1, 5, 10, 20, 50 mg/kg Route of Administration: intravenous (iv) (iv)injection Experimental Results: Induced bronchoconstriction and Atracurium-induced airway hyperresponsiveness was abolished in a dose-dependent manner by atropine or pancuronium pretreatment. Animal/Disease Models: 290 ± 30 g male Sprague ± Dawley rats (60 mg/kg heat-killed Corynebacterium parvum intravenously (iv) (iv)(iv)) [3] Doses: 4.8 mg/kg Route of Administration: intravenous (iv) (iv)injection Experimental Results: In large mice injected with Corynebacterium parvum Induction of neuromuscular blockade in rats. |
References |
[1]. Basta SJ, et al. Clinical pharmacology of atracurium besylate (BW 33A): a new non-depolarizing muscle relaxant. Anesth Analg. 1982 Sep;61(9):723-9.
[2]. Levitt RC, et al. Genetic susceptibility to atracurium-induced bronchoconstriction. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1995 May;151(5):1537-42. [3]. Mayer B, et al. Inflammatory liver disease shortens atracurium-induced neuromuscular blockade in rats. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2001 Sep;18(9):599-604. [4]. Spina R, et al. Atracurium Besylate and other neuromuscular blocking agents promote astroglial differentiation and deplete glioblastoma stem cells. Oncotarget. 2016 Jan 5;7(1):459-72. [5]. Nascimento DC, et al. Cellular mechanisms of atracurium-induced tetanic fade in the isolated rat muscle. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2004 Jul;95(1):9-14. |
Molecular Formula |
C53H72N2O12.2(C6H5O3S)
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Molecular Weight |
1243.48
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CAS # |
64228-81-5
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Related CAS # |
Atracurium;64228-79-1
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Appearance |
Typically exists as solids (or liquids in special cases) at room temperature
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SMILES |
O=S(C1=CC=CC=C1)([O-])=O.O=C(OCCCCCOC(CC[N+]2(C)C(CC3=CC=C(OC)C(OC)=C3)C4=C(C=C(OC)C(OC)=C4)CC2)=O)CC[N+]5(C)C(CC6=CC=C(OC)C(OC)=C6)C7=C(C=C(OC)C(OC)=C7)CC5.O=S(C8=CC=CC=C8)([O-])=O
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Synonyms |
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HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
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Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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Solubility (In Vitro) |
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Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (2.01 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (2.01 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C,1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (2.01 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 4: 100 mg/mL (80.42 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with ultrasonication. |
Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
1 mM | 0.8042 mL | 4.0210 mL | 8.0419 mL | |
5 mM | 0.1608 mL | 0.8042 mL | 1.6084 mL | |
10 mM | 0.0804 mL | 0.4021 mL | 0.8042 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration: mg/mL;
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution: mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation::Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O,mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.