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Purity: ≥98%
Baricitinib, (also known as LY3009104 or INCB028050; trade name: Olumiant), is a potent, selective, ATP competitive and orally bioavailable inhibitor of tyrosine-protein kinase JAK1 (Janus kinase) or JAK2 with anti-inflammatory activity. It inhibits JAK1 and JAK2 with IC50s values of 5.9 nM and 5.7 nM, respectively. AS of May 2018, it was approved by FDA for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in the United States. In vitro, it is able to inhibit JAK1 and JAK2 with IC50 values in the low nanomolar range of 5.9 and 5.7 nM, respectively, while it displays low inhibitory activity for JAK3 and moderate activity for TYK2. Baricitinib inhibits intracellular signaling of several proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and IL-23 at concentrations<50 nM. JAK signaling is central to a number of fundamental processes including the generation of RBCs. On Nov 20, 2020, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration also issued an emergency use authorization (EUA) for baricitinib to be used in combination with remdesivir, for the treatment of suspected or laboratory confirmed COVID-19 in hospitalized adults and pediatric patients two years of age or older requiring supplemental oxygen, invasive mechanical ventilation, or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). On June 13, 2022, Olumiant (baricitinib) was approved by FDA to treat adult patients with severe alopecia areata, a disorder that often appears as patchy baldness and affects more than 300,000 people in the U.S. each year. Today’s action marks the first FDA approval of a systemic treatment (i.e. treats the entire body rather than a specific location) for alopecia areata.
| Targets |
JAK2 (IC50 = 5.7 nM); JAK1 (IC50 = 5.9 nM); Tyk2 (IC50 = 53nM); JAK3 (IC50 = 560nM)
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| ln Vitro |
Cell-based studies demonstrated the potency of baricitinib (INCB028050) as an inhibitor of JAK signaling and function. Baricitinib has IC50 values of 44 nM and 40 nM, respectively, which prevent IL-6-stimulated phosphorylation of canonical substrate STAT3 (pSTAT3) and the subsequent generation of the chemokine MCP-1 in PBMC. INCB028050 also suppresses pSTAT3 activated by IL-23 (IC50=20 nM) in isolated naïve T cells. This suppression stops Th17 cells from producing the two harmful cytokines, IL-17 and IL-22. Th17 cells have an IC50 value of 50 nM and are a subtype of helper T cells with unique inflammatory and pathogenic characteristics. Even at doses up to 10 μM, the structurally similar but ineffective JAK1/2 inhibitors INCB027753 and INCB029843 exhibited no discernible effect in any of these assay systems [1].
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| ln Vivo |
Over the course of a 2-week treatment period, baricitinib (INCB028050) therapy reduced the rise in hindpaw volume by 50% at 1 mg/kg and >95% at 3 or 10 mg/kg. Given that baseline measurements of paw volume were obtained in animals exhibiting clear illness indications on day 0 of treatment, those exhibiting a notable improvement in swelling may exhibit >100% inhibition [1]. Mice given baricitinib (0.7 mg/kg/day) showed markedly decreased MHC class I and class II expression, decreased CD8 infiltration, and dramatically decreased inflammation (measured by H&E staining). When compared to vehicle control animals, the number of CD8+NKG2D+ cells, which are important effector cells in alopecia areata (AA) illness in both people and mice, is markedly lower in mice treated with baricitinib [2].
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| Enzyme Assay |
Biochemical assays[1]
Enzyme assays were performed using a homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence assay with recombinant epitope tagged kinase domains (JAK1, 837-1142; JAK2, 828-1132; JAK3, 718-1124; Tyk2, 873-1187) or full-length enzyme (cMET and Chk2) and peptide substrate. Each enzyme reaction was performed with or without test compound (11-point dilution), JAK, cMET, or Chk2 enzyme, 500 nM (100 nM for Chk2) peptide, ATP (at the Km specific for each kinase or 1 mM), and 2.0% DMSO in assay buffer. The calculated IC50 value is the compound concentration required for inhibition of 50% of the fluorescent signal. Additional kinase assays were performed at Cerep using standard conditions at 200 nM. Enzymes tested included: Abl, Akt1, AurA, AurB, CDC2, CDK2, CDK4, CHK2, c-kit, EGFR, EphB4, ERK1, ERK2, FLT-1, HER2, IGF1R, IKKα, IKKβ, JNK1, Lck, MEK1, p38α, p70S6K, PKA, PKCα, Src, and ZAP70. |
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| Cell Assay |
Cellular assays[1]
Human PBMCs were isolated by leukapheresis followed by Ficoll-Hypaque centrifugation. For the determination of IL-6–induced MCP-1 production, PBMCs were plated at 3.3 × 105 cells per well in RPMI 1640 + 10% FCS in the presence or absence of various concentrations of INCB028050. Following preincubation with compound for 10 min at room temperature, cells were stimulated by adding 10 ng/ml human recombinant IL-6 to each well. Cells were incubated for 48 h at 37°C, 5% CO2. Supernatants were harvested and analyzed by ELISA for levels of human MCP-1. The ability of INCB028050 to inhibit IL-6–induced secretion of MCP-1 is reported as the concentration required for 50% inhibition (IC50). Proliferation of Ba/F3-TEL-JAK3 cells was performed over 3 d using Cell-Titer Glo following standard assay conditions. For the determination of IL-23–induced IL-17 and IL-22, PBMCs were maintained in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% FBS, 2 mM l-glutamine, 100 μg/ml streptomycin, and 100 U/ml penicillin. T cells were activated by culturing with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 Abs. After 2 d, the cells were washed and recultured with IL-23 (100 ng/ml), IL-2 (10 ng/ml) and various concentrations of INCB028050. Cells were incubated for an additional 4 d at 37°C, then supernatants were collected, and secretion of IL-17 and IL-22 were measured by ELISA. The ability of INCB028050 to inhibit IL-23–induced secretion of IL-17 and IL-22 is reported as the concentration required for 50% inhibition (IC50). Phospho-STAT3 analysis[1] Isolated cells.[1] For analysis of phospho-STAT3 in human PBMCs or PHA-stimulated T cells, cell extracts were prepared after 10−15 min preincubation with different concentrations of INCB028050 and stimulation of cells for 15 min with IL-6 (100 ng/ml), IL-12 (20 ng/ml), or IL-23 (100 ng/ml). The extracts were then analyzed for phosphorylated STAT3 by using a phospho-STAT3 specific ELISA. Whole blood.[1] Blood drawn from rats was collected into heparinized tubes and then aliquoted into microfuge tubes (0.3 ml per sample). In stimulation experiments, INCB028050 at various concentrations was added for 10 min prior to stimulation with human IL-6 (100 ng/ml) for 15 min at 37°C. RBCs were lysed using hypotonic conditions. WBCs were then quickly pelleted and lysed to make total cellular extracts. The extracts were analyzed for phosphorylated STAT3 by using a phospho-STAT3–specific ELISA. Blood from animals that were dosed with INCB028050 was drawn at various times after INCB028050 administration and processed as described above. |
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| Animal Protocol |
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| References |
[1]. Fridman JS, et al. Selective inhibition of JAK1 and JAK2 is efficacious in rodent models of arthritis: preclinical characterization of INCB028050. J Immunol. 2010 May 1;184(9):5298-307.
[2]. Jabbari A, et al. Reversal of Alopecia Areata Following Treatment With the JAK1/2 Inhibitor Baricitinib. EBioMedicine. 2015 Feb 26;2(4):351-5. [3]. Khan IM, et al. Intermuscular and perimuscular fat expansion in obesity correlates with skeletal muscle T cell and macrophage infiltration resistance. Int J Obes (Lond). 2015 Nov;39(11):1607-18 |
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| Additional Infomation |
Baricitinib is a pyrrolopyrimidine that is 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine substituted by a 1-[3-(cyanomethyl)-1-(ethanesulfonyl)azetidin-3-yl]-1H-pyrazol-4-yl group at position 5. It is an FDA approved selective Janus Kinase 1 and 2 (JAK1 and JAK2) inhibitor used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. It has a role as an antirheumatic drug, an EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor, an anti-inflammatory agent, an immunosuppressive agent and an antiviral agent. It is a pyrrolopyrimidine, a member of pyrazoles, a member of azetidines, a sulfonamide and a nitrile.
Baricitinib is a Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor. JAKs are tyrosine protein kinases that play an important role in pro-inflammatory signaling pathways. Overactive JAKs have been implicated in autoimmune disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis. By inhibiting the actions of JAK1 and JAK2, baricitinib attenuates JAK-mediated inflammation and immune responses. Baricitinib was first approved by the European Commission (EC) in February 2017 for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in adults and was later approved by the FDA in 2018. The EC later approved baricitinib for the treatment of atopic dermatitis, making it the first JAK inhibitor used for this indication in Europe. While baricitinib was granted emergency use as a treatment for COVID-19 in combination with [remdesivir] under the Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) in November 2020, the FDA fully approved the use of baricitinib for the treatment of COVID-19 in May 2022. Baricitinib is a Janus Kinase Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of baricitinib is as a Janus Kinase Inhibitor. Baricitinib is an orally available small molecule inhibitor of Janus kinases that is used to treat moderate-to-severe rheumatoid arthritis, severe alopecia areata, and, in combination with remdesivir, severe COVID-19 in hospitalized patients requiring supplementary oxygen. Baricitinib is associated with transient and usually mild elevations in serum aminotransferase levels during therapy but has yet to be linked to cases of clinically apparent acute liver injury. View MoreBaricitinib is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of Janus kinases 1 and 2 (JAK1/2), with potential anti-inflammatory, immunomodulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, baricitinib binds to JAK1/2, which inhibits JAK1/2 activation and leads to the inhibition of the JAK-signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway. This decreases the production of inflammatory cytokines and may prevent an inflammatory response. In addition, baricitinib may induce apoptosis and reduce proliferation of JAK1/2-expressing tumor cells. JAK kinases are intracellular enzymes involved in cytokine signaling, inflammation, immune function and hematopoiesis; they are also upregulated and/or mutated in various tumor cell types. Baricitinib is a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) used to ameliorate symptoms and slow down the progression of rheumatoid arthritis. In animal models of inflammatory arthritis, baricitinib was shown to have significant anti-inflammatory effects but also led to the preservation of cartilage and bone, with no detectable suppression of humoral immunity or adverse hematologic effects. Baricitinib decreased the levels of immunoglobulins and serum C-reactive protein in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. As members of the tyrosine kinase family, Janus kinases (JAKs) are intracellular enzymes that modulate signals from cytokines and growth factor receptors involved in hematopoiesis, inflammation, and immune cell function. Upon binding of extracellular cytokines and growth factors, JAKs phosphorylate and activate Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription (STATs). STATs modulate intracellular activity, including gene transcription of inflammatory mediators that promote an autoimmune response, such as IL-2, IL-6, IL-12, IL-15, IL-23, IFN-γ, GM-CSF, and interferons. The JAK-STAT pathway has been implicated in the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis, as it is associated with an overproduction of inflammatory mediators. There are four JAK proteins: JAK 1, JAK 2, JAK 3 and TYK2. JAKs form homodimers or heterodimers and pair differently in different cell receptors to transmit cytokine signaling. Baricitinib is a selective and reversible inhibitor of JAK1 and JAK2 with less affinity for JAK3 and TYK2; however, the relevance of inhibition of specific JAK enzymes to therapeutic effectiveness is not currently known. Baricitinib inhibits the activity of JAK proteins and modulates the signaling pathway of various interleukins, interferons, and growth factors. It was also shown to decrease the proliferation of JAK1/JAK2 expression in mutated cells and induce cell apoptosis. The elimination half-life in patients with rheumatoid arthritis is approximately 12 hours. The elimination half-life was 10.8 hours in intubated patients with COVID-19 who received baricitinib via nasogastric (NG) or orogastric (OG) tube. Absorption: The absolute bioavailability of baricitinib is approximately 80%. The Cmax was reached after one hour of oral drug administration. A high-fat meal decreased the mean AUC and Cmax of baricitinib by approximately 11% and 18%, respectively, and delayed Tmax by 0.5 hours. Route of Elimination: Baricitinib is predominantly excreted via renal elimination. It is cleared via filtration and active secretion. Approximately 75% of the administered dose was eliminated in the urine, with 20% of that dose being the unchanged drug. About 20% of the dose was eliminated in the feces, with 15% of that dose being an unchanged drug. Volume of Distribution: Following intravenous administration, the volume of distribution was 76 L, indicating distribution into tissues. Clearance: The total body clearance of baricitinib was 8.9 L/h in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The total body clearance and half-life of baricitinib was 14.2 L/h in intubated patients with COVID-19 who received baricitinib via nasogastric (NG) or orogastric (OG) tube. |
| Molecular Formula |
C16H17N7O2S
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| Molecular Weight |
371.42
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| Exact Mass |
371.11645
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| Elemental Analysis |
C, 51.74; H, 4.61; N, 26.40; O, 8.62; S, 8.63
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| CAS # |
1187594-09-7
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| Related CAS # |
Baricitinib phosphate;1187595-84-1;Baricitinib-d5;1564241-79-7;Baricitinib-d3;1564242-30-3
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| PubChem CID |
44205240
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| Appearance |
Typically exists as white to gray solids at room temperature
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| Density |
1.6±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
707.2±70.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
381.5±35.7 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±2.3 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.763
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| LogP |
-0.06
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| tPSA |
128.94
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| SMILES |
S(C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H])(N1C([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])C#N)(C1([H])[H])N1C([H])=C(C2=C3C([H])=C([H])N([H])C3=NC([H])=N2)C([H])=N1)(=O)=O
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| InChi Key |
XUZMWHLSFXCVMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C16H17N7O2S/c1-2-26(24,25)22-9-16(10-22,4-5-17)23-8-12(7-21-23)14-13-3-6-18-15(13)20-11-19-14/h3,6-8,11H,2,4,9-10H2,1H3,(H,18,19,20)
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| Chemical Name |
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| Synonyms |
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
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| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.73 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.73 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.73 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 4: 0.5% CMC+0.25% Tween 80:30mg/mL Solubility in Formulation 5: 2.5 mg/mL (6.73 mM) in 0.5% Methylcellulose/saline water (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), suspension solution; with ultrasonication. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.6924 mL | 13.4618 mL | 26.9237 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5385 mL | 2.6924 mL | 5.3847 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2692 mL | 1.3462 mL | 2.6924 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
| NCT Number | Recruitment | interventions | Conditions | Sponsor/Collaborators | Start Date | Phases |
| NCT04901325 | Recruiting | Drug: Baricitinib | RPyoderma Gangrenosum Skin Diseases |
Oregon Health and Science University | October 2023 | Phase 2 |
| NCT05852171 | Recruiting | Drug: Baricitinib | Mastitis Chronic Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis |
First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University |
January 1, 2023 | Phase 2 |
| NCT05074420 | Recruiting | Drug: Baricitinib | Covid19 Corona Virus Infection |
Eli Lilly and Company | December 21, 2021 | Phase 3 |
| NCT06240351 | Not yet recruiting | Drug: Baricitinib 4 MG Oral Tablet | Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia | University of Alabama at Birmingham |
June 1, 2024 | Phase 4 |
Cellular activity of INCB028050.J Immunol.2010 May 1;184(9):5298-307. |
Anti-inflammatory and DMARD activity of once daily INCB028050 in rats with established disease in the adjuvant arthritis model.J Immunol.2010 May 1;184(9):5298-307. |
Suppression of delayed-type hypersensitivity by INCB028050.J Immunol.2010 May 1;184(9):5298-307. |
INCB028050 is efficacious and well tolerated independently of effects on humoral immunity.J Immunol.2010 May 1;184(9):5298-307. |
INCB028050 improves clinical and histologic signs of disease in the murine CIA model. |
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