| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 500mg |
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| 5g |
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| 10g |
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Purity: ≥98%
| Targets |
β-lactam; bacterial cell wall synthesis
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
Isolated microspore culture is a promising option to rapidly fix the product of meiotic recombination of F1 hybrids, in the process of varietal development. Clean culture and high embryogenesis rate are essential to commercial triticale and wheat microspore cultures. So, this study investigated (1) contaminants from isolated microspores cultures, (2) two antibiotics to control bacterial growth, and (3) the contribution of antibiotics to increased microspore-derived embryo-like structures (ELS), green and albino plants. Five species of bacteria were identified in contaminated cultures (Erwinia aphidicola, Pantoea agglomerans, Pseudomonas sp., Staphylococcus epidermis and Staphylococcus warneri) using fatty acid analysis and 16S ribosomal RNA sequences analysis, and yeast. Antibacterial susceptibility test using Cefotaxime and Vancomycin resulted in strong inhibition of 24 bacterial isolates, using Cefotaxime at 100 mg/l, but not Pseudomonas sp. Other antibiotic treatments inhibited bacterial growth at least partially. Microspore induction medium supplemented with the same antibiotics treatments resulted in successful microspore embryogenesis and green plant production. Antibiotic treatments were first tested in triticale and then validated in wheat cultivars AC Carberry and AC Andrew. Induction medium supplemented with Cefotaxime at 50 and 100 mg/l substantially increased the formation of ELS and green plants in triticale and wheat, respectively. Incidentally, it also affected the occurrence of albinism in all genotypes. Our results demonstrated dual purpose of Cefotaxime for isolated microspore culture, most importantly it increases cell growth and success of microspore cultures in triticale and wheat genotypes, but would also prevent accidental loss of cultures with most common bacterial contaminants[3].
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| ln Vivo |
Carbenicillin (intramuscular injection every 8 hours for 72 hours; 100–400 mg/kg) Disodium dramatically lowers the mortality rate of Pseudomonas-infected neutropenic rats[1].
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| Cell Assay |
The isolates were grown for 48–72 h at 27 °C on LB medium in individual Petri dishes that were supplemented with different antibiotics (Table 1) to evaluate colony sensitivity towards antibiotics. The following antibiotics treatments were applied into the antibiotic assay on isolates and in isolated microspores cultures of triticale and wheat genotypes: T1: Control (no antibiotic); T2: Vancomycin at 100 mg/l; T3: Vancomycin 500 mg/l; T4: Cefotaxime at 50 mg/l; T5: Cefotaxime 100 mg/l; T6: Vancomycin 100 mg/l and Cefotaxime 50 mg/l; and T7: Vancomycin 500 mg/l and Cefotaxime 100 mg/l. The isolates’ growth was noted as no inhibition (+++), weak inhibition (++), strong inhibition (+) and no growth (−) relative to control, where no antibiotic was applied[3].
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| Animal Protocol |
Rats made neutropenic with cyclophosphamide were infected intraperitoneally with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The challenge organism was killed synergistically in vitro by the combination of gentamicin and carbenicillin. Untreated neutropenic rats infected with 3 x 10(6)Pseudomonas died between days 2 and 7, and the overall mortality was 70%. Groups of infected neutropenic rats were treated intramuscularly with 1.5 or 6 mg of gentamicin per kg per dose, 100 or 400 mg of carbenicillin per kg per dose, or 1.5 mg of gentamicin and 100 mg of carbenicillin per kg per dose. Treatment was begun at 2 h postinfection and was continued every 8 h for about 72 h. Cultures of blood and peritoneal washings were performed in control and treated rats at 1, 4, 24, 48, and 72 h postinfection. Gentamicin at either dose level was ineffective in preventing death, but mortality was significantly reduced by high-dose carbenicillin and low-dose combination therapy. In addition, the latter regimens sterilized the peritoneal fluid and blood. Carbenicillin and gentamicin showed in vivo synergy in the treatment of neutropenic Pseudomonas-infected rats[1].
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| References |
[2]. Carbenicillin and ticarcillin. Med Clin North Am. 1982 Jan;66(1):61-77. [3]. Cefotaxime prevents microbial contamination and improves microspore embryogenesis in wheat and triticale. Plant Cell Rep . 2013 Oct;32(10):1637-46. |
| Additional Infomation |
Carbenicillin disodium is an organic sodium salt. It contains a carbenicillin(2-).
Carbenicillin Disodium is the disodium salt form of carbenicillin, a broad-spectrum, semi-synthetic penicillin antibiotic with bactericidal and beta-lactamase resistant activity. Carbenicillin acylates the penicillin-sensitive transpeptidase C-terminal domain by opening the lactam ring. This inactivation prevents the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan strands, thereby inhibiting the third and last stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis. This leads to incomplete bacterial cell wall synthesis and eventually causes cell lysis. Broad-spectrum semisynthetic penicillin derivative used parenterally. It is susceptible to gastric juice and penicillinase and may damage platelet function. |
| Molecular Formula |
C17H16N2NA2O6S
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
422.3633
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| Exact Mass |
422.052
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| Elemental Analysis |
C, 48.34; H, 3.82; N, 6.63; Na, 10.89; O, 22.73; S, 7.59
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| CAS # |
4800-94-6
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| Related CAS # |
Carbenicillin;4697-36-3
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| PubChem CID |
20933
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| Appearance |
A White to light yellow crystalline solid
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| Boiling Point |
737.8ºC at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
400ºC
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
7
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
3
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| Heavy Atom Count |
28
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| Complexity |
634
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
3
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| SMILES |
S1C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])[C@]([H])(C(=O)[O-])N2C([C@]([H])([C@@]12[H])N([H])C(C([H])(C(=O)[O-])C1C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C=1[H])=O)=O.[Na+].[Na+]
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| InChi Key |
RTYJTGSCYUUYAL-JNGYGHJSSA-L
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C17H18N2O6S.2Na/c1-17(2)11(16(24)25)19-13(21)10(14(19)26-17)18-12(20)9(15(22)23)8-6-4-3-5-7-8/h3-7,9-11,14H,1-2H3,(H,18,20)(H,22,23)(H,24,25)/q2*+1/p-2/t9-,10+,11-,14+/m0../s1
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| Chemical Name |
4-Thia-1-azabicyclo(3.2.0)heptane-2-carboxylic acid,
6-((carboxyphenylacetyl)amino)-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo, disodium salt,
(6S-(2alpha,5alpha,6beta))-
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| Synonyms |
Carbenicillin Disodium; Carbenicillin sodium; Carbenicillin disodium salt; Carbecin; Sodium carbenicillin; Carbenicillin disodium salt; carbenicillin sodium; Geopen; Carbecin; Microcillin; Pyocianil;
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: (1). Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light. (2). This product is not stable in solution, please use freshly prepared working solution for optimal results. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O : ~125 mg/mL (~295.96 mM )
DMSO : ~62.5 mg/mL (~147.98 mM) |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (4.92 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (4.92 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (4.92 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 4: 10% DMSO+40% PEG300+5% Tween-80+45% Saline: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (4.92 mM) Solubility in Formulation 5: 100 mg/mL (236.76 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with ultrasonication. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.3676 mL | 11.8382 mL | 23.6765 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4735 mL | 2.3676 mL | 4.7353 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2368 mL | 1.1838 mL | 2.3676 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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