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| 25g |
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Chenodeoxycholic acid (Anthropodesoxycholic acid; Anthropodeoxycholic acid) is a naturally occurring bile acid (found in the body) acting as an apoptosis inducer via PKC-dependent signalling pathway. It works by dissolving the cholesterol that makes gallstones and inhibiting production of cholesterol in the liver and absorption in the intestines, which helps to decrease the formation of gallstones.
| ln Vitro |
With IC50 values of 22 mM and 38 mM, respectively, chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and deoxycholic acid (DCA) both block 11 beta HSD2, induce alcohol pivoting, and raise the regulatory activity of salt stress hormone (MR) [1]. By activating the membrane G protein-coupled receptor (TGR5), chelodeoxycholicacid can significantly boost the expression of cyclin D1 protein and mRNA, which in turn promotes the development of Ishikawa cells [2]. Chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) can decrease the mRNA levels of HMG-CoA reductase and HMG-CoA synthase and raise the level of LDL receptor mRNA by approximately four times in the cultured human hepatoblastoma cell line Hep G2 [3]. There were two level increases. Isc (≥67%) generated by chenodeoxycholic acid is inhibited by activation of CFTRinh-172 by bumetanide, BaCl2, and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). The adenylyl cyclase mirror MDL12330A decreased chenodeoxycholic acid-stimulated Isc by 43%, but chenodeoxycholic acid raised intracellular cAMP concentration [4]. Treatment with chenodeoxycholic acid activates C/EBPβ, as evidenced by increased expression in HepG2 cells, phosphorylation, and nuclear accumulation. The 1.65-kb GSTA2 promoter with the C/EBP response element (pGL-1651) was used to control the chenodeoxycholic acid-enhanced luciferase gene. Experimental studies employing AMPKα dominant-negative mutants and chemical substitutions show that chenodeoxycholic acid therapy activates AMP-activated protein status (AMPK), which leads to activation of extracellular signaling regulator 1/2 (ERK1/2) [5].
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| References |
[1]. Stauffer AT, et al. Chenodeoxycholic acid and deoxycholic acid inhibit 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 and cause cortisol-induced transcriptional activation of the mineralocorticoid receptor. J Biol Chem. 2002 Jul 19;277(29):26286-92
[2]. Casaburi I, et al. Chenodeoxycholic acid through a TGR5-dependent CREB signaling activation enhances cyclin D1 expression and promotes human endometrial cancer cell proliferation. Cell Cycle. 2012 Jul 15;11(14):2699-710 [3]. Kawabe Y, et al. The molecular mechanism of the induction of the low density lipoprotein receptor by chenodeoxycholic acid in cultured human cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1995 Mar 8;208(1):405-11. [4]. Ao M, et al. Chenodeoxycholic acid stimulates Cl(-) secretion via cAMP signaling and increases cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator phosphorylation in T84 cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2013 Aug 15;305(4):C447-56 [5]. Noh K, et al. Farnesoid X receptor activation by chenodeoxycholic acid induces detoxifying enzymes through AMP-activated protein kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2-mediated phosphorylation of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β. Drug Metab |
| Molecular Formula |
C24H40O4
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
392.58
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| Exact Mass |
392.2927
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| CAS # |
474-25-9
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| Related CAS # |
Chenodeoxycholic Acid-d4;99102-69-9;Chenodeoxycholic acid-13C;52918-92-0;Chenodeoxycholic Acid-d9;Chenodeoxycholic acid-d5;52840-12-7
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| SMILES |
O([H])[C@]1([H])C([H])([H])[C@]2([H])C([H])([H])[C@@]([H])(C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[C@]2(C([H])([H])[H])[C@@]2([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[C@]3(C([H])([H])[H])[C@@]([H])([C@]([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(=O)O[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[C@@]3([H])[C@@]21[H])O[H]
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| Synonyms |
Anthropodesoxycholic acid Anthropodeoxycholic acid Chenodeoxycholic Acid
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ≥ 50 mg/mL (~127.37 mM)
0.1 M NaOH : ~50 mg/mL (~127.37 mM) |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: 2.5 mg/mL (6.37 mM) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), suspension solution; with sonication.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.37 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.37 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 4: ≥ 20 mg/mL (50.95 mM) (saturation unknown) in 20% HP-β-CD in Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.5473 mL | 12.7363 mL | 25.4725 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5095 mL | 2.5473 mL | 5.0945 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2547 mL | 1.2736 mL | 2.5473 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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