Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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100mg |
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500mg |
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Other Sizes |
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ln Vitro |
Phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin, two important components of cell membranes in vitro, are precursors to choline [3]. Through its metabolite betaine, which is involved in the S-adenosylmethionine synthesis pathway, choline serves as the primary source of methyl groups as well [4].
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ln Vivo |
Use oral gavage to provide choline bitartrate (300 mg/kg as opposed to 5 g/kg). Mice on choline restriction (300 mg/kg) had significant hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and cell damage in addition to a robust ketosis and weight loss. Moderate ketosis and the build-up of liver fat can be minimized when choline levels are adequate [4].
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References |
[1]. Hollenbeck CB, et al. An introduction to the nutrition and metabolism of choline. Cent Nerv Syst Agents Med Chem. 2012 Jun;12(2):100-13.
[2]. Corbin KD, et al. Choline metabolism provides novel insights into nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and its progression. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2012 Mar;28(2):159-65. [3]. Shinobu Kuwae, et al. Development of a chemically defined platform fed-batch culture media for monoclonal antibody-producing CHO cell lines with optimized choline content. Cytotechnology. 2018 Jun;70(3):939-948. [4]. Rebecca C Schugar, et al. Role of choline deficiency in the Fatty liver phenotype of mice fed a low protein, very low carbohydrate ketogenic diet. PLoS One. 2013 Aug 29;8(8):e74806. |
Molecular Formula |
C9H19NO7
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Molecular Weight |
253.2497
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CAS # |
87-67-2
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Related CAS # |
Choline chloride;67-48-1;Choline theophyllinate;4499-40-5
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Appearance |
Typically exists as solids (or liquids in special cases) at room temperature
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SMILES |
O([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[N+](C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H].O([H])C([H])(C(=O)O[H])C([H])(C(=O)[O-])O[H]
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HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O : ~120 mg/mL (~473.84 mM)
DMSO : ~55 mg/mL (~217.18 mM) |
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Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.75 mg/mL (10.86 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 27.5 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.75 mg/mL (10.86 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 27.5 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C,1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.75 mg/mL (10.86 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 4: 100 mg/mL (394.87 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with ultrasonication. |
Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
1 mM | 3.9487 mL | 19.7433 mL | 39.4867 mL | |
5 mM | 0.7897 mL | 3.9487 mL | 7.8973 mL | |
10 mM | 0.3949 mL | 1.9743 mL | 3.9487 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration: mg/mL;
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution: mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation::Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O,mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.