Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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10g |
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Other Sizes |
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ln Vitro |
In a dose-dependent manner, citric acid monohydrate (0–12.5 mM; 24 h) has antiproliferative action [3]. In G2/M and S phases, citric acid monohydrate (12.5 mM; 72 h) dose-dependently promotes apoptosis and cell cycle arrest [3]. The expression of FAS, BAX, BID, AIF, EndoG, cytochrome c, PARP, GADD153, GRP78, and caspase-3, -8, and -9 was upregulated and the expression of BCL-2 and BCL-Xl was downregulated when exposed to 12.5 mM of citric acid monohydrate for 48 hours[3].
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ln Vivo |
In mouse livers, intraperitoneal injections of citric acid monohydrate (120, 240, and 480 mg/kg) can dramatically lower GSH-Px activity and raise MDA (malondialdehyde) levels [1]. In mouse hepatocytes, citric acid monohydrate (120, 240, and 480 mg/kg; i.p.) causes apoptosis by dose-dependently raising caspase-3 activity [1]. Mice exposed to intraperitoneal injections of citric acid monohydrate (120, 240, and 480 mg/kg; once weekly for three weeks) develop nephrotoxicity [2].
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Cell Assay |
Cell Viability Assay[3]
Cell Types: HaCaT Cell Tested Concentrations: 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5 mM Incubation Duration: 24 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: Inhibition of cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. Cell cycle analysis[3] Cell Types: HaCaT Cell Tested Concentrations: 12.5 mM Incubation Duration: 0, 12, 24, 48, 72 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: Induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase and S in a dose-dependent manner Expect. Western Blot Analysis[3] Cell Types: HaCaT Cell Tested Concentrations: 12.5 mM Incubation Duration: 12, 24, 48 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: Increased expression of FAS, BAX, BID, AIF, EndoG, cytochrome c, PARP, GADD153, GRP78 and caspase -3, -8, -9, and BCL-2 and BCL-X1 were diminished. |
Animal Protocol |
Animal/Disease Models: 20 g male Kunming mice [2]
Doses: 120, 240, 480 mg/kg Route of Administration: intraperitoneal (ip) injection; once a week for 3 weeks. Experimental Results: The activities of T-SOD and GSH-Px in the treatment group diminished with the increase of citric acid dose, the activity of NOS demonstrated an increasing trend, and the contents of H2O2 and MDA gradually diminished. |
References |
[1]. Chen X, et al. Study on injury effect of food additive citric acid on liver tissue in mice. Cytotechnology. 2014 Mar;66(2):275-82.
[2]. Chen X, Lv Q, Liu Y, Deng W. Effects of the food additive, citric acid, on kidney cells of mice. Biotech Histochem. 2015 Jan;90(1):38-44. [3]. Ying TH, et al. Citric acid induces cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis of human immortalized keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) via caspase- and mitochondrial-dependent signaling pathways. Anticancer Res. 2013 Oct;33(10):4411-20. |
Molecular Formula |
C6H10O8
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Molecular Weight |
210.1388
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CAS # |
5949-29-1
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Related CAS # |
Citric acid;77-92-9;Ferric citrate;3522-50-7
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Appearance |
Typically exists as solids (or liquids in special cases) at room temperature
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SMILES |
O([H])C(C(=O)O[H])(C([H])([H])C(=O)O[H])C([H])([H])C(=O)O[H].O([H])[H]
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HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~475.87 mM)
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Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80: Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 :Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
1 mM | 4.7587 mL | 23.7937 mL | 47.5873 mL | |
5 mM | 0.9517 mL | 4.7587 mL | 9.5175 mL | |
10 mM | 0.4759 mL | 2.3794 mL | 4.7587 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration: mg/mL;
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution: mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation::Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O,mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.