| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 100mg |
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| Other Sizes |
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| ln Vitro |
In a dose-dependent manner, citric acid (0–12.5 mM; 24 hours) exhibits antiproliferative activity [3]. In G2/M and S phases, citric acid (12.5 mM; 72 h) dose-dependently induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest [3]. The expression of FAS, BAX, BID, AIF, EndoG, cytochrome c, PARP, GADD153, GRP78, and caspase-3, -8, and -9 was increased and that of BCL-2 and BCL - Xl was decreased when exposed to 12.5 mM of citric acid for 48 hours[3].
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|---|---|
| ln Vivo |
Citric acid (120, 240, and 480 mg/kg; intraperitoneal injection) can significantly reduce GSH-Px activity and induce an increase in MDA (malondialdehyde) levels in mouse livers [1]. Citric acid (120, 240, and 480 mg/kg; i.p.) promotes apoptosis by raising caspase-3 activity in mouse hepatocytes in a dose-dependent manner [1]. ?Citric acid (120, 240, and 480 mg/kg; intraperitoneal injection; once weekly for 3 weeks) produces nephrotoxicity in mice [2].
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| Cell Assay |
Cell Viability Assay[3]
Cell Types: HaCaT Cell Tested Concentrations: 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5 mM Incubation Duration: 24 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: Inhibition of cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. Cytotoxicity assay [3] Cell Types: HaCaT Cell Tested Concentrations: 12.5 mM Incubation Duration: 0, 12, 24, 48, 72 h Experimental Results: Induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase and S in a dose-dependent manner Expect. Western Blot Analysis[3] Cell Types: HaCaT Cell Tested Concentrations: 12.5 mM Incubation Duration: 12, 24, 48 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: Increased expression of FAS, BAX, BID, AIF, EndoG, cytochrome c, PARP, GADD153, GRP78 and caspase -3, -8, -9, and BCL-2 and BCL-X1 were diminished. |
| Animal Protocol |
Animal/Disease Models: 20 g male Kunming mice [2]
Doses: 120, 240, 480 mg/kg Route of Administration: intraperitoneal (ip) injection; once a week for 3 weeks. Experimental Results: The activities of T-SOD and GSH-Px in the treatment group diminished with the increase of citric acid dose, the activity of NOS demonstrated an increasing trend, and the contents of H2O2 and MDA gradually diminished. |
| References |
[1]. Chen X, et al. Study on injury effect of food additive citric acid on liver tissue in mice. Cytotechnology. 2014 Mar;66(2):275-82.
[2]. Chen X, Lv Q, Liu Y, Deng W. Effects of the food additive, citric acid, on kidney cells of mice. Biotech Histochem. 2015 Jan;90(1):38-44. [3]. Ying TH, et al. Citric acid induces cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis of human immortalized keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) via caspase- and mitochondrial-dependent signaling pathways. Anticancer Res. 2013 Oct;33(10):4411-20. |
| Molecular Formula |
C6H8O7
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
192.1235
|
| CAS # |
77-92-9
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| Related CAS # |
Lithium citrate tetrahydrate;6080-58-6;Citric acid triammonium;3458-72-8;Sodium citrate dihydrate;6132-04-3;Citric acid trisodium;68-04-2;Citric acid monohydrate;5949-29-1;Ferric citrate;3522-50-7;Citric acid-d4;147664-83-3;Citric acid-13C6;287389-42-8;Hydroxycitric acid tripotassium hydrate;6100-05-6;Citric acid-13C3;302912-06-7
|
| Appearance |
Typically exists as solids (or liquids in special cases) at room temperature
|
| SMILES |
O([H])C(C(=O)O[H])(C([H])([H])C(=O)O[H])C([H])([H])C(=O)O[H]
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O : ~100 mg/mL (~520.51 mM)
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~520.51 mM) |
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (13.01 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (13.01 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (13.01 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 4: 100 mg/mL (520.51 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with ultrasonication. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 5.2051 mL | 26.0254 mL | 52.0508 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.0410 mL | 5.2051 mL | 10.4102 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.5205 mL | 2.6025 mL | 5.2051 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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