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Clindamycin HCl (U-21251; Cleocin, U21251; Clinsol; EC 244-398-6; EC2443986; U 21251 F; Clinacin, Dalacin), the hydrochloride salt of Clindamycin which is a semisynthetic analog of lincomycin and ribosomal translocation / protein inhibitor, is a potent antibiotic acting as a protein synthesis inhibitor. It can be used for treatment of bacterial infections such as bone or joint infections, middle ear infections, strep throat, pneumonia, pelvic inflammatory disease, and endocarditis. It can also be used for treatment of acne, and some cases of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
| ln Vitro |
Clindamycin hydrochloride is a type of traditional bacterial protein synthase that attaches itself to the 50S ribosomal subunit's 23S ribosomal RNA [1].
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| ln Vivo |
Clindamycin hydrochloride has a mean absorption time (MAT) of 0.87 hours and a 72.55% bioavailability, indicating fast absorption into the canine cavity. When administered intravenously and intracavitally to dogs, clindamycin hydrochloride produced a total clearance (CL) of clindamycin (0.503 vs. 0.458 L). Clindamycin hydrochloride has a 2.48 L/kg instantaneous (IV) distribution concentration; it is extensively dispersed throughout bodily fluids and tissues. Clindamycin hydrochloride considerably decreased halitosis at the axial level in dogs at 42° when the serum concentration was kept at 0.5 μg/mL following intravenous and intravenous injection models. In dogs, clindamycin hydrochloride also considerably lowers thoracic, periodontal, and plaque [2]. In periodontal disease following scanning scaling, root planing, and polishing (USRP), clindamycin hydrochloride (2.5 mg/Lb) significantly affects measures of plaque and pocket depth, but not in canine mastitis. No discernible effect is present[3]. Within 14 to 28 days, 71.4% (15/21) of the dogs treated with clindamycin hydrochloride had full resolution of their superficial bacterial pyoderma [4].
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Effects During Pregnancy and Lactation
◉ Summary of Use during Lactation Clindamycin has the potential to cause adverse effects on the breastfed infant's gastrointestinal flora. If oral or intravenous clindamycin is required by a nursing mother, it is not a reason to discontinue breastfeeding, but an alternate drug may be preferred. Monitor the infant for possible effects on the gastrointestinal flora, such as diarrhea, candidiasis (thrush, diaper rash) or rarely, blood in the stool indicating possible antibiotic-associated colitis. Vaginal application is unlikely to cause infant side effects, although about 30% of a vaginal dose is absorbed. Infant side effects are unlikely with topical administration for acne; however, topical application to the breast may increase the risk of diarrhea if it is ingested by the infant. Only water-miscible cream, foam, gel or liquid products should be applied to the breast because ointments may expose the infant to high levels of mineral paraffins via licking. ◉ Effects in Breastfed Infants Bloody stools in a 5-day-old breastfed infant were possibly caused by concurrent maternal clindamycin 600 mg intravenously every 6 hours and gentamicin 80 mg intravenously every 8 hours. The infant's stools were reported to have normal flora and the stools became guaiac negative 24 hours after discontinuation of breastfeeding. On day 6 of age, the infant resumed breastfeeding after discontinuation of maternal antibiotics with no further difficulties. ◉ Effects on Lactation and Breastmilk Relevant published information was not found as of the revision date. |
| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Clindamycin hydrochloride is a S-glycosyl compound.
Clindamycin Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of clindamycin, a semi-synthetic, chlorinated broad spectrum antibiotic produced by chemical modification of lincomycin. Clindamycin hydrochloride is used as a solid in capsules. An antibacterial agent that is a semisynthetic analog of LINCOMYCIN. See also: Clindamycin (has active moiety). |
| Molecular Formula |
C18H34CL2N2O5S
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
461.439
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| Exact Mass |
460.156
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| CAS # |
21462-39-5
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| Related CAS # |
Clindamycin phosphate;24729-96-2;Clindamycin palmitate hydrochloride;25507-04-4;Clindamycin;18323-44-9;Clindamycin phosphate hydrochloride;64023-51-4;Clindamycin hydrochloride monohydrate;58207-19-5
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| PubChem CID |
16051951
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Boiling Point |
628.1ºC at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
141°C
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| Flash Point |
333.6ºC
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| Vapour Pressure |
1.79E-19mmHg at 25°C
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| LogP |
1.52
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
5
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
7
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
7
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| Heavy Atom Count |
28
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| Complexity |
502
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
9
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| SMILES |
CCC[C@@H]1C[C@H](N(C1)C)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O2)SC)O)O)O)[C@H](C)Cl.Cl
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| InChi Key |
AUODDLQVRAJAJM-XJQDNNTCSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C18H33ClN2O5S.ClH/c1-5-6-10-7-11(21(3)8-10)17(25)20-12(9(2)19)16-14(23)13(22)15(24)18(26-16)27-4/h9-16,18,22-24H,5-8H2,1-4H3,(H,20,25)1H/t9-,10+,11-,12+,13-,14+,15+,16+,18+/m0./s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2S,4R)-N-((1S,2S)-2-chloro-1-((2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(methylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)propyl)-1-methyl-4-propylpyrrolidine-2-carboxamide
hydrochloride
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| Synonyms |
Cleocin Cleocin HCl U21251F U-21251-FClinsol EC 244-398-6 EC2443986 U 21251 F U-21251 EC-244-398-6U 21251 ClindamycinCleocin, Clinacin, Dalacin
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ≥ 100 mg/mL (~216.71 mM)
H2O : ≥ 100 mg/mL (~216.71 mM) |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.42 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.42 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.42 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 4: 100 mg/mL (216.71 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with ultrasonication. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.1671 mL | 10.8356 mL | 21.6713 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4334 mL | 2.1671 mL | 4.3343 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2167 mL | 1.0836 mL | 2.1671 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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