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Purity: ≥98%
CNQX Disodium (FG-9065), the disodium salt form of CNQX, is a potent AMPA/kainate antagonist with higher water-solubility than the free acid form CNQX (Cat. No. V33762). As an AMPA and kainate receptor antagonist, it inhibits AMPA and kainate receptors with IC50 values of 0.3 μM, 1.5 μM, respectively. CNQX is also an antagonist at the glycine modulatory site on the NMDA receptor complex with an IC50 of 25 μM). CNQX can be used to isolate GABAA receptor mediated spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents and antagonizes non-NMDA receptor-mediated responses in cultured cerebellar granule cells. CNQX shows neuroprotective effects in models of ischemia and inhibits seizure-like activity in hippocampal neurons.
ln Vitro |
In hippocampal slice perfusion, CNQX disodium (FG9065 disodium; 2–5 μM) reversibly suppresses mossy fiber excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) and Schaffer collaterals while avoiding both slow and fast GABA-mediated inhibition[2]. A specific and dose-dependent reduction in the amplitude of the monosynaptic component of DR-VRR recorded from lumbar segments is observed with CNQX disodium (1–5 μM) [3].
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ln Vivo |
In the first 15 minutes of the cocaine-free phase, CNQX disodium (FG9065 disodium; 0.75–3 mg/kg; i.p.; 20 minutes before to testing) dose-dependently decreases the number of cocaine reactions [4]. Ten minutes prior to the retention test, CNQX disodium (0.5 or 1.25 μg) can be infused bilaterally into the amygdala or dorsal hippocampus to partially decrease the expression of hypotensive inhibitory avoidance in rats 24 hours post-training. At 0.5 μg, CNQX disodium completely blocks the channel [5].
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Animal Protocol |
Animal/Disease Models: Male Wistar rats, body weight 180-200 g[4] Doses: 0.75, 1.5 and 3 mg/kg
Route of Administration: IP; 20 minutes before test Experimental Results: During the first 15-minute cocaine-free interval, cocaine (IV; 0.25 mg/infusion) The number of reactions is diminished in a dose-dependent manner. |
References |
[1]. T Honoré, et al. Quinoxalinediones: Potent Competitive non-NMDA Glutamate Receptor Antagonists. Science. 1988 Aug 5;241(4866):701-3.
[2]. Neuman RS, et al. Blockade of excitatory synaptic transmission by 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione(CNQX) in the hippocampus in vitro. Neurosci Lett. 1988 Sep 23;92(1):64-8. [3]. Alford S, et al. CNQX and DNQX block non-NMDA synaptic transmission but not NMDA-evoked locomotion in lamprey spinal cord. Brain Res. 1990 Jan 8;506(2):297-302. [4]. Pia Bäckström, et al. Attenuation of Cocaine-Seeking Behaviour by the AMPA/kainate Receptor Antagonist CNQX in Rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2003 Feb;166(1):69-76. [5]. Kim M, et al. Infusion of the non-NMDA receptor antagonist CNQX into the amygdala blocks the expression of fear-potentiated startle. Behav Neural Biol. 1993 Jan;59(1):5-8. |
Molecular Formula |
C9H2N4NA2O4
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Molecular Weight |
276.11
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Exact Mass |
275.9871
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CAS # |
479347-85-8
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Related CAS # |
CNQX;115066-14-3
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Appearance |
Typically exists as solids (or liquids in special cases) at room temperature
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SMILES |
[Na+].[Na+].N#CC1=CC2=NC(=C(N=C2C=C1[N+]([O-])=O)[O-])[O-]
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Synonyms |
FG9065FG-9065FG 9065
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HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~10.53 mg/mL (~38.14 mM)
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Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80: Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 :Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
1 mM | 3.6217 mL | 18.1087 mL | 36.2174 mL | |
5 mM | 0.7243 mL | 3.6217 mL | 7.2435 mL | |
10 mM | 0.3622 mL | 1.8109 mL | 3.6217 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration: mg/mL;
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution: mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation::Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O,mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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1 mg |
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5 mg |
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10 mg |
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