| Size | Price | |
|---|---|---|
| 500mg | ||
| 1g | ||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Glucocorticoid receptor
|
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In this study, a series of novel poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA)/poly(N,N'-dimethylacrylamide) (PDMAM) interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) were synthesized and studied as potential drug delivery systems of dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DXP) for dermal application. The IPN composition allows for control over its swelling ability as the incorporation of the highly hydrophilic PDMAM increases more than twice the IPN swelling ratio as compared to the PHEMA single networks, namely from ~0.5 to ~1.1. The increased swelling ratio of the IPNs results in an increased entrapment efficiency up to ~30% as well as an increased drug loading capacity of DXP up to 4.5%. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) show the formation of a solid dispersion between the drug DXP and the polymer (IPNs) matrix. Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy shows an even distribution of DXP within the IPN structure. The DXP release follows Fickian diffusion with ~70% of DXP released in 24 h. This study demonstrates the potential of the newly developed IPNs for the dermal delivery of DXP[1].
|
| ln Vivo |
Contact lenses (CLs) have been suggested as drug delivery platforms capable of increasing the drug residence time on the cornea and therefore its bioavailability. However, when targeting the posterior segment of the eye, the drug released from CLs still encounters the barrier effect of the ocular tissues, which considerably reduces the efficacy of administration. This work aims at the development of CLs able to simultaneously deliver an anti-inflammatory drug (dexamethasone sodium phosphate) and a cell-penetrating peptide (penetratin), the latter acting as a drug carrier across the tissues. Hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA)-based hydrogels were functionalized with acrylic acid (AAc) and/or aminopropyl methacrylamide (APMA) to serve as CL materials with increased affinity for the drug and peptide. APMA-functionalized hydrogels sustained the dual release for 8 h, which is compatible with the wearing time of daily CLs. Hydrogels demonstrated suitable light transmittance, swelling capacity and in vitro biocompatibility. The anti-inflammatory activity of the drug was not compromised by the presence of the peptide nor by sterilization. The ocular distribution of the drug after 6 h of CL wearing was evaluated in vivo in rabbits and revealed that the amount of drug in the cornea and aqueous humor significantly increased when the drug was co-delivered with penetratin[2].
|
| Animal Protocol |
Background: Efficacy of erythrocyte-mediated delivery of dexamethasone 21-phosphate in patients with steroid-dependent ulcerative colitis.[3]
Methods: Thirty-seven patients with steroid-dependent ulcerative colitis were randomized to infusions of dexamethasone 21-phosphate encapsulated into autologous erythrocytes (n = 19) or to sham infusions (n = 18). Each infusion was given monthly for 6 months. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients able to discontinue oral corticosteroids during treatment while maintaining clinical remission or stable disease. Secondary endpoint was the proportion of patients with disappearance of steroid-related adverse events.[3] Results: At each infusion, a mean of 9.8 ± 4.6 mg dexamethasone 21-phosphate was administered at each infusion, which allowed steady-state plasma levels of 8 ng/mL for the following 28 days. Thirteen patients in the dexamethasone 21-phosphate group and 4 sham-treated patients attained the primary outcome of the study, i.e., maintaining a stable condition despite oral steroids withdrawal (P = 0.008). In the remaining patients (6 and 15 in the 2 experimental groups, respectively), the treatment was prematurely withdrawn because of clinical deterioration while tapering oral steroids. At endoscopy, mucosal healing was ascertained in 4 patients and 1 patient of the 2 experimental groups, respectively (P = 0.339). At inclusion, 14 and 13 patients in the 2 experimental groups complained of steroid-related adverse events; at end of the treatment, events were still present in 5 and 13 patients, respectively (P = 0.008).[3] Conclusions: In patients with steroid-dependent ulcerative colitis, 6-month therapy with low dose of dexamethasone 21-phosphate allowed the withdrawal of oral steroids and the reversal of steroid-related adverse events in most patients while maintaining clinical remission (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01171807). |
| References |
[1]. Interpenetrating Polymer Networks of Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) and Poly(N, N-dimethylacrylamide) as Potential Systems for Dermal Delivery of Dexamethasone Phosphate. Pharmaceutics . 2023 Sep 15;15(9):2328.
[2]. Dexamethasone phosphate and penetratin co-eluting contact lenses: a strategy to enhance ocular drug permeability. Int J Pharm . 2024 Jan 25:650:123685. [3]. Erythrocytes-mediated delivery of dexamethasone 21-phosphate in steroid-dependent ulcerative colitis: a randomized, double-blind Sham-controlled study. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2013 Aug;19(9):1872-9. |
| Additional Infomation |
Dexamethasone phosphate is a steroid phosphate that is the 21-O-phospho derivative of dexamethasone. It has a role as a glucocorticoid receptor agonist. It is a steroid phosphate, an 11beta-hydroxy steroid, a 17-hydroxy steroid, a 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid, a fluorinated steroid and a tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone. It is functionally related to a dexamethasone. It is a conjugate acid of a dexamethasone phosphate(2-).
See also: Dexamethasone sodium phosphate; neomycin sulfate (annotation moved to). |
| Molecular Formula |
C22H30FO8P
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
472.4462
|
| Exact Mass |
472.166
|
| Elemental Analysis |
C, 55.93; H, 6.40; F, 4.02; O, 27.09; P, 6.56
|
| CAS # |
312-93-6
|
| Related CAS # |
Dexamethasone;50-02-2;Dexamethasone acetate;1177-87-3;Dexamethasone phosphate disodium;2392-39-4;Dexamethasone phosphate-d4
|
| PubChem CID |
9400
|
| Appearance |
Typically exists as solid at room temperature
|
| Density |
1.45g/cm3
|
| Boiling Point |
669.6ºC at 760mmHg
|
| Melting Point |
154-157°C (lit.)
|
| Flash Point |
358.7ºC
|
| Index of Refraction |
1.594
|
| LogP |
2.012
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
4
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
9
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
4
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
32
|
| Complexity |
973
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
8
|
| SMILES |
C[C@@H]1C[C@H]2[C@@H]3CCC4=CC(=O)C=C[C@]4(C)[C@]3([C@H](C[C@]2(C)[C@]1(C(=O)COP(=O)(O)O)O)O)F
|
| InChi Key |
VQODGRNSFPNSQE-CXSFZGCWSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C22H30FO8P/c1-12-8-16-15-5-4-13-9-14(24)6-7-19(13,2)21(15,23)17(25)10-20(16,3)22(12,27)18(26)11-31-32(28,29)30/h6-7,9,12,15-17,25,27H,4-5,8,10-11H2,1-3H3,(H2,28,29,30)/t12-,15+,16+,17+,19+,20+,21+,22+/m1/s1
|
| Chemical Name |
[2-[(8S,9R,10S,11S,13S,14S,16R,17R)-9-fluoro-11,17-dihydroxy-10,13,16-trimethyl-3-oxo-6,7,8,11,12,14,15,16-octahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-2-oxoethyl] dihydrogen phosphate
|
| Synonyms |
Dexamethasone 21-phosphate; EGP437 Dexamethasone phosphate; EGP-437; EGP 437; Hexadrol phosphate; Wymesone; Betnelan phosphate; Neodecadron; Oradexon phosphate; Dexamethasone 21-phosphate; 312-93-6; Betnelan phosphate; Neodecadron; Hexadrol phosphate; Dexamethasone-21-dihydrogen-phosphate; Dexamethasone 21-orthophosphate;
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
|
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.1166 mL | 10.5831 mL | 21.1663 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4233 mL | 2.1166 mL | 4.2333 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2117 mL | 1.0583 mL | 2.1166 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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