Absorption, Distribution and Excretion
Dexpanthenol is soluble in water and alcohol, although insoluble in fats and oil based substances. With the appropriate vehicle, Dexpanthenol is easily penetrated into the skin. Rate of penetration and absorption is reduced when Dexpanthenol is administered as an oil/water formula.
Milk of nursing mothers receiving a normal diet contains about 2 ug of pantothenic acid per mL. About 70% of an oral dose of pantothenic acid is excreted unchanged in urine and about 30% in feces.
Dexpanthenol is readily converted to pantothenic acid which is widely distributed into body tissues, mainly as coenzyme A. Highest concentrations are found in the liver, adrenal glands, heart, and kidneys.
Dexpanthenol is readily converted to pantothenic acid which is widely distributed into body tissues, mainly as coenzyme A. Highest concentrations are found in the liver, adrenal glands, heart, and kidneys. Milk of nursing mothers receiving a normal diet contains about 2 ug of pantothenic acid per mL. About 70% of an oral dose of pantothenic acid is excreted unchanged in urine and about 30% in feces.

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Metabolism / Metabolites
Dexpanthenol is readily converted to pantothenic acid which is widely distributed into body tissues, mainly as coenzyme A.
Dexpanthenol is readily converted to pantothenic acid which is widely distributed into body tissues, mainly as coenzyme A.
Dexpanthenol is converted to pantothenic acid ... which then produces acetylcholine.

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Biological Half-Life
Half life have not been reported

Protein Binding
Plasma protein binding have not been reported.

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Interactions
It has been reported that dexpanthenol prolonged the muscle relaxant effects of succinylcholine; however, a controlled trial failed to show this effect. The manufacturers recommend that dexpanthenol not be administered within 1 hour of succinylcholine.
Pantothenol increased the toxic and paralyzing action of D-tubocurarine but did not protect pigeons against lethal doses of curare. It did not stimulate respiration and muscle activity in rabbits which had been blocked by curare.
On theoretical grounds, the manufacturers of dexpanthenol recommend that the drug not be given with or within 12 hours after administration of neostigmine or other parasympathomimetic drugs. Although the clinical importance has not been established, the miotic effects of anticholinesterase ophthalmic preparations (e.g., echothiophate iodide (no longer commercially available in the US), isoflurophate) reportedly may be potentiated by pantothenic acid.
The manufacturers also warn that rare cases of allergic reactions of unknown cause have occurred during concomitant use of dexpanthenol injection and antibiotics, opiates, and barbiturates.
For more Interactions (Complete) data for Dexpanthenol (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

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Non-Human Toxicity Values
LD50 Mouse oral 15,000 mg/kg
LD50 Mouse ip 9,000 mg/kg
LD50 Mouse iv 7000mg/kg
LD50 Rabbit iv 4000 mg/kg

[1]. Topical N-acetylcysteine improves wound healing comparable to dexpanthenol: an experimental study. Int Surg. 2015 Apr;100(4):656-61.

[2]. Protective Effect of D-Panthenol in Rhabdomyolysis-Induced Acute Kidney Injury. Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Oct 14;23(20):12273.

[3]. Cerium-Containing N-Acetyl-6-Aminohexanoic Acid Formulation Accelerates Wound Reparation in Diabetic Animals. Biomolecules. 2021 Jun 3;11(6):834.

[4]. Effects of Panthenol and N-Acetylcysteine on Changes in the Redox State of Brain Mitochondria under Oxidative Stress In Vitro. Antioxidants (Basel). 2021 Oct 27;10(11):1699.

Therapeutic Uses
Dexpanthenol (topical) relieves itching and aids healing of skin in mild eczemas and dermatoses; itching skin, minor wounds, stings, bites, poison ivy, poison oak (dry sage) and minor skin irritations. Also, used in infants and children for diaper rash, chafing and mild skin irritations.
Prophylactic use immediately after major abdominal surgery to minimize the possibility of paralytic ileus. Intestinal atony causing abdominal distention; postoperative or post partum retention of flatus, or post operative delay in resumption of intestinal motility; paralytic ileus.
Vet: ... Dexpanthenol ... /is/ often used as source of B5. Only the D-isomers are active biologically, but dl-isomers are often used ... Equivalents: 1 g D-pantothenic acid = 936 mg D-dexpanthenol.
/Exptl Use (Vet)/: The effect of B-complex vitamin on experimental liver damage in rats was studied. Ip injection of panthenol inhibited initial deposit of lipids after having removed 2/3 of the regenerating fatty liver in rats.
For more Therapeutic Uses (Complete) data for Dexpanthenol (13 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

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Drug Warnings
Administration of dexpanthenol injection directly into the vein is not advised.
One case of heartburn and a few cases of GI cramps have been reported after dexpanthenol administration. Allergic reactions to dexpanthenol have been reported occasionally; however, these reactions have not been directly attributed to the drug. Although isolated reports of itching, tingling, difficulty in breathing, erythema, generalized dermatitis, urticaria, temporary respiratory difficulty (when dexpanthenol injection was administered 5 minutes after succinylcholine had been discontinued), hypotension, persistent (up to 10 days) diarrhea, and agitation have been associated with use of dexpanthenol injection, a causal relationship to the drug has not been established.
It is not known whether dexpanthenol can cause fetal harm when administered to pregnant women. Dexpanthenol injection should be used during pregnancy only when clearly needed.
Dexpanthenol injection should not be used for the management of mechanical obstruction; in these patients, therapy should be directed mainly at correcting the obstruction. The manufacturer of dexpanthenol injection cautions that the management of adynamic ileus includes correction of fluid and electrolyte abnormalities (especially hypokalemia), anemia, and hypoproteinemia; treatment of infection; avoidance of drugs that decrease GI motility; and decompression of the GI tract using nasogastric suction or a long intestinal tube when there is considerable distention.
For more Drug Warnings (Complete) data for Dexpanthenol (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

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Pharmacodynamics
Pantothenic acid is a precursor of coenzyme A, which serves as a cofactor for a variety of enzyme-catalyzed reactions involving transfer of acetyl groups. The final step in the synthesis of acetylcholine consists of the choline acetylase transfer of acetyl group from acetylcoenzyme A to choline. Acetylcholine is the neurohumoral transmitter in the parasympathetic system and as such maintains the normal functions of the intestine. Decrease in acetylcholine content would result in decreased peristalsis and in extreme cases adynamic ileus.

C9H19NO4

205.254

205.131

81-13-0

131204

Colorless to light yellow ointment

1.2±0.1 g/cm3

483.6±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg

< 25 °C

246.3±28.7 °C

0.0±2.8 mmHg at 25°C

1.502

-0.92

4

4

6

14

182

1

[C@@H](O)(C(C)(C)CO)C(=O)NCCCO

SNPLKNRPJHDVJA-ZETCQYMHSA-N

InChI=1S/C9H19NO4/c1-9(2,6-12)7(13)8(14)10-4-3-5-11/h7,11-13H,3-6H2,1-2H3,(H,10,14)/t7-/m0/s1

(2R)-2,4-dihydroxy-N-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3,3-dimethylbutanamide

D-Panthenol; EC 201-327-3; Dexpanthenol

2934.99.9001

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Ethanol : ~110 mg/mL (~535.93 mM)
DMSO : ~33 mg/mL (~160.78 mM)

Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (10.13 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution.

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Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (10.13 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution.

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Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (10.13 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly.

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 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)