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Purity: ≥98%
Esculin is a naturally occurring coumarin glucoside that has been found in daphnin, the dark green resin of Daphne mezereum, California Buckeye (Aesculus californica), Prickly Box (Bursaria spinosa), and horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum). Additionally, dandelion coffee contains it. A. Additionally, dandelion coffee contains it. Esculin is occasionally employed as a medication as a vasoprotective agent. In a microbiology lab, esculin is also used to assist in the identification of bacterial species, particularly Enterococci and Listeria. Sculin is actually hydrolyzed by all strains of Group D Streptococci in 40% bile.
| Targets |
p38 MAPK
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| ln Vitro |
Esculin, at a safe dose of 100 μM, demonstrates antiviral action against white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) monomers in Litopenaeus vannamei larvae (2–8 hours) [4]. Red blood cells are protected from oxidative damage by esculin (200 μM, 400 μM, 600 μM; 4 hours or 2 hours). Inhibiting bioallethrin (50-200 μM; 4 hours or 2 hours)-induced elevations in oxidative stress markers (such as protein and lipid oxidation) in lymphocytes and erythrocytes, esculin recovers decreased free amino groups. Moreover, there is an increase in the ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione [5].
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| ln Vivo |
In a mouse model of ethanol-induced stomach damage, esculin (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg; intragastric injection once daily for two days) provides protection. Because esculin prevents NF-κB activation, iNOS, TNF-α, and IL-6 expression are all decreased. Esculin exhibits a dose-dependent reduction in histopathological damage [6].
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Absorption, Distribution and Excretion
Rarely, absorbed into the blood stream if used as a combination with other ingredients in suppository form. But, Applying cream or ointment form to open wound or skin may lead this drug to absorb and circulate into blood stream. Metabolism / Metabolites After oral administration of esculin (100 mg/kg) for rats, plasma, urine, feces and bile samples were collected to screen metabolites. As a result, a total of 19 metabolites (10 phase I metabolites and 9 phase II metabolites) were found and identified. It was also found that after oral administration of esculin, the esculin could be metabolized to esculetin in vivo via deglycosylation, and esculetin was found in all biological samples. Biological Half-Life Absorption half life about 1 hour and elimination half life about 20 hours |
| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Esculin is a hydroxycoumarin that is the 6-O-beta-D-glucoside of esculetin. It has a role as an antioxidant and a metabolite. It is a beta-D-glucoside and a hydroxycoumarin. It is functionally related to an esculetin.
Esculin is found in barley. Vitamin C2 is generally considered a bioflavanoid, related to vitamin P esculin is a glucoside that naturally occurs in the horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum), California Buckeye (Aesculus californica) and in daphnin (the dark green resin of Daphne mezereum). Esculin belongs to the family of Glycosyl Compounds. These are carbohydrate derivatives in which a sugar group is bonded through its anmoeric carbonA to another group via a C-, S-,N-,O-, or Se- glycosidic bond. Esculin has been reported in Gardenia jasminoides, Ixeridium laevigatum, and other organisms with data available. A derivative of COUMARIN with molecular formula C15H16O9. See also: Horse Chestnut (part of); Aesculus hippocastanum bark (part of). Drug Indication As medication, esculin is sometimes used as a vasoprotective agent. Esculin is also used in a microbiology laboratory to aid in the identification of bacterial species (especially Enterococci and Listeria), as all strains of Group D Streptococci hydrolyze æsculin in 40% bile. Mechanism of Action The main activities of Esculine focus on capillary protection, as it improves capillary permeability and fragility. It is reported to inhibit catabolic enzymes such as hyaluronidase and collagenase, thus preserving the integrity of the perivascular connective tissue. Esculine also showed good antioxidant properties, protecting triglycerides against auto-oxidation at high temperatures . The antioxidant property might as well explain some of the anti-inflammatory activity of the product, making it a suitable product for after sun treatments, for example. Pharmacodynamics Topically applied Esculine increases the “capillary density” (the number of capillaries open to flow per surface unit) and improves the morphological aspect of the smallest blood vessels. |
| Molecular Formula |
C15H16O9.XH2O
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| Molecular Weight |
340.28
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| Exact Mass |
340.079
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| Elemental Analysis |
C, 52.94; H, 4.74; O, 42.32 (Anhydrous basis)
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| CAS # |
531-75-9
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| Related CAS # |
Esculin sesquihydrate;66778-17-4
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| PubChem CID |
5281417
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.7±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
697.7±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
203 °C
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| Flash Point |
262.8±25.0 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±2.3 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.689
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| LogP |
-1.52
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
5
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
9
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
3
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| Heavy Atom Count |
24
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| Complexity |
495
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
5
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| SMILES |
O1[C@]([H])([C@@]([H])([C@]([H])([C@@]([H])([C@@]1([H])C([H])([H])O[H])O[H])O[H])O[H])OC1=C(C([H])=C2C(C([H])=C([H])C(=O)O2)=C1[H])O[H]
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| InChi Key |
XHCADAYNFIFUHF-TVKJYDDYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C15H16O9/c16-5-10-12(19)13(20)14(21)15(24-10)23-9-3-6-1-2-11(18)22-8(6)4-7(9)17/h1-4,10,12-17,19-21H,5H2/t10-,12-,13+,14-,15-/m1/s1
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| Chemical Name |
7-hydroxy-6-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-2-one
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| Synonyms |
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
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| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.35 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.35 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.35 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.9388 mL | 14.6938 mL | 29.3876 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5878 mL | 2.9388 mL | 5.8775 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2939 mL | 1.4694 mL | 2.9388 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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