| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 10mg |
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| 25mg |
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| 50mg |
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| 100mg |
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| 250mg |
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| Other Sizes |
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Purity: ≥98%
Fadrozole (CGS 16949A) is a highly potent and selective nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor (IC50 of 6.4 nM) with potential antineoplastic activity. Aromatase, a member of the cytochrome P-450 superfamily, is found in many tissues; overexpression has been linked to the development of preneoplastic and neoplastic changes in breast tissue. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. Fadrozole specifically inhibits aromatase, blocking the aromatization of androstenedione and testosterone into estrone and estradiol, respectively, the final step in estrogen biosynthesis; the reduction in estrogen levels may inhibit growth in estrogen-dependent cancers.
| Targets |
Aromatase (IC50 = 6 nM)
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
With an IC50 of 6.4 nM, fadrozole hydroHClide is a very effective and specific nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor. With an IC50 of 0.03 μM, fadrozole hydrochloride suppresses the synthesis of estrogen in hamster ovarian slices. The IC50 value for the inhibition of progesterone production is 120 μM. To different degrees, the manufacture of additional cytochrome P-450-dependent hormones can be inhibited by high doses of fadrozole hydrochloride [1].
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| ln Vivo |
Orally given benzodiazepine hydrochloride has an ED50 of 0.03 mg/kg and can suppress aromatase-mediated uterine hypertrophy in immature female rats. Oral aminoglutethimide dosing produced the same result in the same model, with an ED50 of 30 mg/kg [1]. In female Sprague-Dawley rats, fadrozole hydrochloride inhibits the growth of spontaneous mammary tumors, both benign and malignant. Additionally, it lowers the incidence of spontaneous hepatocellular tumors in both male and female rats and inhibits the spontaneous formation of distal pituitary adenomas in female rats [2]. The parasite burden in male and female mice treated with fadrozole hydrochloride was reduced by 70%. In male mice, this protection was linked to the recovery of particular cellular immune responses. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression in the testes of infected male mice increased tenfold, while serum levels and splenocyte synthesis of the substance increased by 80%. These levels recover to baseline amounts following treatment with fadrozole hydrochloride [3].
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| Enzyme Assay |
For in vitro tests, culture grade Fadrozole was dissolved in cRPMI to the desired stock concentration, and sterilised by passage through a 0.2-mm Millipore filter. Experimental design was as follows: using a 24-well culture plate, six wells were used as untreated controls, six wells were supplemented with the vehicle in which Fadrozole was diluted, six wells were treated with different concentrations of Fadrozole. Concentrations of Fadrozole were randomised across the plates. Fadrozole was prepared to a final volume of 100 μl and added to 2 ml of medium in each well. Control cysts were treated with the solvent in which Fadrozole was diluted such that a constant volume of solvent (100 μl) was added to each well. Reproduction was measured as the number of buds that each cyst produced in response to treatment and were counted directly under a light inverted microscope. Morbidity of cysts was recognised by progressive internal disorganisation, development of lucent areas in the cytoplasm, and progressive loss of motility. Dead cysts had an opaque appearance with lucent areas in the tegmental cytoplasm and characteristic swelling. Viability was based upon granularity, bodily contortions, and methylene blue uptake. Unstained cysts were considered dead when they lacked motility and/or were characteristically granular. All viability observations were determined microscopically, and cysts were considered dead based on complete loss of motility of the anterior and posterior regions, and internal loss of movement for food intake. These observations were done under an inverted microscope using 10× and 100× magnification.[3]
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| Animal Protocol |
Fadrozole was administered in the form of sub-dermal long-term release pellets (20 mg/wt kg, in three-week-release pellets), starting 1 week prior to the infection, using a 10-gauge needle Trochar. Three pellets were administrated during the study. Placebo pellets were administered to another group of infected mice, in the same fashion as the inhibitor. After 1 week, mice were infected as described above and killed 8 weeks later.[3]
Rats are treated with daily dosing with fadrozole hydrochloride (CGS 16949A) in purified water by gavage for 2 years. There are 60 rats in each of four groups given 0, 0.05, 0.25 or 1.25 mg/kg daily. Control rats receive only water. Clinical signs are recorded weekly and the animals are examine for palpable masses every 4 weeks for the first 9 months, then every 2 weeks for the remainder of the study[2]. Mice: Fadrozole is administered in the form of sub-dermal long-term release pellets (20 mg/wt kg, in three-week-release pellets), starting 1 week prior to the infection, using a 10-gauge needle. Three pellets are administrated during the study. Placebo pellets are administered to another group of infected mice, in the same fashion as the inhibitor. After 1 week, mice are infected and killed 8 weeks later[3]. |
| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Fadrozole hydrochloride is an imidazopyridine.
Fadrozole Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt of the nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor fadrozole with potential antineoplastic activity. Fadrozole specifically inhibits aromatase, blocking the aromatization of androstenedione and testosterone into estrone and estradiol, respectively, the final step in estrogen biosynthesis; the reduction in estrogen levels may inhibit growth in estrogen-dependent cancers. Aromatase, a member of the cytochrome P-450 superfamily, is found in many tissues; overexpression has been linked to the development of preneoplastic and neoplastic changes in breast tissue. A selective aromatase inhibitor effective in the treatment of estrogen-dependent disease including breast cancer. |
| Molecular Formula |
C14H14CLN3
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
259.73406
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| Exact Mass |
259.088
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| Elemental Analysis |
C, 64.74; H, 5.43; Cl, 13.65; N, 16.18
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| CAS # |
102676-31-3
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| Related CAS # |
Fadrozole;102676-47-1;Dexfadrostat;102676-87-9;Fadrozole hydrochloride hemihydrate;176702-70-8;
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| PubChem CID |
59694
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Boiling Point |
481.7ºC at 760mmHg
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| Flash Point |
245.1ºC
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| Vapour Pressure |
1.95E-09mmHg at 25°C
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| LogP |
3.482
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
2
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
1
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| Heavy Atom Count |
18
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| Complexity |
311
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| InChi Key |
UKCVAQGKEOJTSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C14H13N3.ClH/c15-8-11-4-6-12(7-5-11)14-3-1-2-13-9-16-10-17(13)14/h4-7,9-10,14H,1-3H21H
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| Chemical Name |
Benzonitrile, 4-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo(1,5-a)pyridin-5-yl)-, monohydrochloride
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| Synonyms |
Fadrozole hydrochloride; CGS 16949A; CGS-16949A; FADROZOLE HYDROCHLORIDE; 102676-31-3; Afema; Fadrozole HCl; CGS 16949A; 4-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[1,5-a]pyridin-5-yl)benzonitrile hydrochloride; Fadrozole.HCl; Benzonitrile, 4-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[1,5-a]pyridin-5-yl)-, hydrochloride (1:1); CGS16949A
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O : ~100 mg/mL (~385.02 mM)
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~385.02 mM) |
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (8.01 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (8.01 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (8.01 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 4: 100 mg/mL (385.02 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with ultrasonication. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.8502 mL | 19.2508 mL | 38.5015 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.7700 mL | 3.8502 mL | 7.7003 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3850 mL | 1.9251 mL | 3.8502 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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