Absorption, Distribution and Excretion
A study with (14)C-folpet 50 WP in rats indicated a systemic absorption of 0.27% per hour (6.5% in 24 hr). This calculation was based on a least square analysis of 24 hr urinary excretion at dose levels of 49, 460, and 4800 ug/sq cm (13.2, 3.5, and 1.3% respectively ), matching the excretion to the approximate dermal exposure of 2400 ug/sq cm, based on the 50WP formulation concentration. There was rapid uptake of folpet into the skin and 95 and 94% for dose levels 4800 and 460 ug/sq cm, respectively, were retained there at 24 Hr. The amount still in the skin after 24 hr for the low dose was approximately 85% of the applied dose.
In a comparative metabolic fate and biochemical effects study, both rats and mice each received a single oral gavage dose of (14)C-labeled folpet. Two hours after dosing, the majority of the radioactivity in the contents of the gastrointestinal tract at the high dose was in the stomach as unchanged folpet. ... Unchanged folpet was present in the cecum of mice, but not rats, at the highest dose indicating that this dose was close to the animal's maximum capacity to degrade folpet. The pulse dose passed through the gastrointestinal tract of the mouse more rapidly than did the dose in rats. ... Radioactivity was rapidly excreted by all routes with most of the dose of (14)C eliminated within 24 hours.
An oral metabolism study was conducted in Sprague Dawley rats. Folpet was readily and extensively absorbed and rapidly excreted in the urine. There was no accumulation of folpet detected during the 5 days after dosing. The major fecal metabolite was phthalamic acid
A dermal absorption study in rats indicates folpet is minimally absorbed. An absorption of 2.7% over 72 hours exposure was determined for folpet.
For more Absorption, Distribution and Excretion (Complete) data for FOLPET (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

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Metabolism / Metabolites
It is reported that in rodents treated orally, folpet is rapidly degraded to phthalimide and thiophosgene (via thiocarbonyl chloride). Studies of metabolism in vitro with human blood revealed that folpet is rapidly degraded to phthalimide, with a calculated half-life of 4.9 s. Thiophosgene is rapidly detoxified by reaction with cysteine or glutathione, for example, and is ultimately rapidly excreted.
... Folpet is extensively altered in mammalian and avian systems through a combination of enzymatic as well as nonenzymatic chemical reactions. Two complemetry processes, hydrolysis and thiol interactions, initially split the fungicide into /its/ imide ring and trichloromethylthio complex. Subsequent reactions, some of which may be enzymatic, produce a series of imide-based degradates and thiophosgene-mediated products. The reactions are rapid and nearly all material is eliminated from the animal within 24-48 hr; there is no accumulation of either imide or side chain.
Following dosing of /livestock with/ (14)C-benzene-labeled folpet, most of the radioactivity was excreted in urine and feces. ... Analysis of radioactivity in tissue and milk samples showed the presence of phthalamic acid and phthalimide. The results of the ruminant metabolism study suggest that folpet is degraded by loss of the one carbon trichloromethyl moiety. This part of the molecule becomes extensively metabolized and the radiolabeled carbon becomes incorporated into thiazolidine and natural products. The remaining phenyl labeled part of the molecule is mostly metabolized to phthalimide and phthalamic acid.
In a comparative metabolic fate and biochemical effects study, both rats and mice each received a single oral gavage dose of (14)C-labeled folpet. ... No breakdown of the compound by cleavage of the trichloromethylthio side chain (where the (14)C label was positioned) was apparent in either the rat or mouse. The contents of sections of the intestinal tract contained primarily reaction products of thiophosgene. ... The metabolites identified in the contents of the intestine and in the walls were glutathione conjugates of thiophosgene, partially degraded derivatives of the conjugate, thiazolidine and a disulfonic acid.
For more Metabolism/Metabolites (Complete) data for FOLPET (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

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Biological Half-Life
... Calculated half-life of 4.9 seconds.

Toxicity Data
LC50 (rat) = 480 mg/m3

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Non-Human Toxicity Values
LC50 RAT INHALATION GREATER THAN 5.0 MG/L/2 HR /TECHNICAL/
LC50 MOUSE INHALATION GREATER THAN 6.0 MG/L/2 HR /TECHNICAL/
LD50 Rabbit (albino) percutaneous >22,600 mg/kg
LC50 Rat inhalation >1.89 mg/l/4 hr
For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for FOLPET (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Folpet can cause cancer according to an independent committee of scientific and health experts.
Folpet appears as white crystals. Used as a fungicide. Insoluble in water.
Folpet is a member of the class of phthalimides that is phthalimide in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a trichloromethylthio group. An agricultural fungicide, it has been used to control mildew, leaf spot, and other diseases in crops sice the 1950s. It has a role as an antifungal agrochemical. It is an organochlorine compound, an organosulfur compound and a phthalimide fungicide. It is functionally related to a phthalimide.
Folpet is a protective leaf-fungicide. Its mode of action inhibits normal cell division of a broad spectrum of microorganisms. It is used to control cherry leaf spot, rose mildew, rose black spot, and apple scab. Used on berries, flowers, ornamentals, fruits and vegetables, and for seed- and plant-bed treatment. Also used as a fungicide in paints and plastics, and for treatment of internal and external structural surfaces of buildings. Folpet has low acute toxicity to mammals. It is slighly toxic to birds and bees, and is moderately toxic to fish, aquatic invertebrates, algae and earthworms. Folpet is very irritating to the eyes and repeated or prolonged contact leads to skin sensitization. Chronic exposure tests showed folpet to be carcinogenic in mice (but not rats). On this basis, folpet is considered possibly carcinogenic to humans.

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Mechanism of Action
Both folpet and captan appear to exert toxicity via the reaction of thiophosgene with the gastrointestinal tract. A more thorough review has been conducted on the mechanistic studies submitted for the related fungicide, captan. For captan, the Agency has concluded that thiophosgene is most likely implicated in the duodenal tumors, although its exact mode of action is unclear and a genotoxic component cannot be ruled out.

C9H4NO2SCL3

296.55756

294.902

133-07-3

Faltan-d4;1327204-12-5

8607

Crystals from benzene
Light colored powder
Colorless crystals
White crystals

1.7±0.1 g/cm3

333.8±52.0 °C at 760 mmHg

177-180°C

155.7±30.7 °C

0.0±0.7 mmHg at 25°C

1.693

2.85

0

3

1

16

307

0

C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=O)N(C2=O)SC(Cl)(Cl)Cl

HKIOYBQGHSTUDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI=1S/C9H4Cl3NO2S/c10-9(11,12)16-13-7(14)5-3-1-2-4-6(5)8(13)15/h1-4H

2-(trichloromethylsulfanyl)isoindole-1,3-dione

2934.99.9001

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

DMSO : ~125 mg/mL (~421.50 mM)

Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (7.01 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly.

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 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)