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| 50mg |
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Purity: ≥98%
FCCP (full name: Carbonyl cyanide-4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone) is an ionophore and often referred to as a mitochondrial uncoupling agent. It is a mobile ion carrier that disrupts ATP synthesis by transporting hydrogen ions through a cell membrane before they can be used to provide the energy for oxidative phosphorylation. Unlike bafilomycin A1, which inhibits beta-amyloid production in cells expressing mutant but not wild-type APP, FCCP inhibited beta-amyloid production in both cell types. Moreover, the effects of FCCP were independent of alterations in total cellular APP levels or APP maturation, and the concentrations used did not alter either cellular ATP levels or cell viability.
| ln Vitro |
In K695sw cells, FCCP (5 μM) led to a concentration-dependent reduction in Aβ and APPsβ production. The processing of wild-type APP is inhibited by FCCP. Cellular ATP levels were unaffected by FCCP at any of the amounts that were examined. Neither the secondary effects on oxidative phosphorylation nor the resultant decreased cell survival in K695sw cells affected the effect of FCCP on APP catabolism. In K695 cells, FCCP (5 μM or 500 nM), baf A1, and NH4Cl alter Tf-Tx and Tf-F cell fluorescence [1]. During brief in vitro culture, FCCP (200 nM) preserves and improves follicle integrity in cat ovarian tissue. Nonetheless, it appears that FCCP has no positive or negative effects on the cryopreservation of ovarian tissue [2].
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Metabolism / Metabolites
Organic nitriles are converted into cyanide ions through the action of cytochrome P450 enzymes in the liver. Cyanide is rapidly absorbed and distributed throughout the body. Cyanide is mainly metabolized into thiocyanate by either rhodanese or 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfur transferase. Cyanide metabolites are excreted in the urine. (L96) |
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicity Summary
Organic nitriles decompose into cyanide ions both in vivo and in vitro. Consequently the primary mechanism of toxicity for organic nitriles is their production of toxic cyanide ions or hydrogen cyanide. Cyanide is an inhibitor of cytochrome c oxidase in the fourth complex of the electron transport chain (found in the membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells). It complexes with the ferric iron atom in this enzyme. The binding of cyanide to this cytochrome prevents transport of electrons from cytochrome c oxidase to oxygen. As a result, the electron transport chain is disrupted and the cell can no longer aerobically produce ATP for energy. Tissues that mainly depend on aerobic respiration, such as the central nervous system and the heart, are particularly affected. Cyanide is also known produce some of its toxic effects by binding to catalase, glutathione peroxidase, methemoglobin, hydroxocobalamin, phosphatase, tyrosinase, ascorbic acid oxidase, xanthine oxidase, succinic dehydrogenase, and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase. Cyanide binds to the ferric ion of methemoglobin to form inactive cyanmethemoglobin. (L97) |
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| Additional Infomation |
Carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone is a hydrazone that is hydrazonomalononitrile in which one of the hydrazine hydrogens is substituted by a p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl group. It has a role as an ionophore, an ATP synthase inhibitor and a geroprotector. It is a hydrazone, a nitrile, an organofluorine compound and an aromatic ether. It is functionally related to a hydrazonomalononitrile.
Carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone has been reported in Purpureocillium lilacinum and Microcoleus autumnalis with data available. Carbonyl cyanide-p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone is a chemical compound of cyanide. A proton ionophore that is commonly used as an uncoupling agent in biochemical studies. |
| Molecular Formula |
C10H5F3N4O
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| Molecular Weight |
254.17
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| Exact Mass |
254.041
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| CAS # |
370-86-5
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| Related CAS # |
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| PubChem CID |
3330
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| Appearance |
Light yellow to yellow solid powder
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| Density |
1.3±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
293.3±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
174-175ºC (dec.)(lit.)
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| Flash Point |
131.2±30.1 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±0.6 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.522
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| LogP |
3.65
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
8
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
3
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| Heavy Atom Count |
18
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| Complexity |
388
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| InChi Key |
BMZRVOVNUMQTIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C10H5F3N4O/c11-10(12,13)18-9-3-1-7(2-4-9)16-17-8(5-14)6-15/h1-4,16H
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| Chemical Name |
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| Synonyms |
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
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| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: 2.5 mg/mL (9.84 mM) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), suspension solution; with heating and sonication.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: 2.5 mg/mL (9.84 mM) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), suspension solution; with heating and sonication. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (9.84 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.9344 mL | 19.6719 mL | 39.3437 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.7869 mL | 3.9344 mL | 7.8687 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3934 mL | 1.9672 mL | 3.9344 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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