DNA synthesis

Gemcitabine elaidate (0.2 nM-1 mM; 72 h) inhibits the growth of cells that are sensitive to and resistant to gemcitabine. For L1210/L5, L4A6, BCLO, Bara-C, C26-A, C26-G, A2780, AG6000, THX, LOX, MOLT4, and MOLT4/C8 cells, the IC50s are 0.0033, 16.0, 0.0042, 13.0, 0.0015, 0.03, 0.0025, 91, 0.0040, 0.028, and 0.088 μM, respectively[1]. Gemcitabine elaidate (0.5 nM-1 μM; 72 h) increases S phase accumulation and dose-dependent cell death in A549 and WiDR cells[2].

Gemcitabine elaidate (25–120 mg/kg; i.p. every 3 days for 5 doses) inhibits the growth of certain solid tumor xenografts, including fibrous histiocytoma (TAX II–1), non-small cell lung cancer (EKVX), non-classifiable sarcoma (MHMX), malignant melanoma (THX), prostate cancer (CRL–1435), and pancreatic cancer (PANC-1)[1].
Gemcitabine elaidate (10–20 mg/kg; p.o. every 3 days for 5 doses) exhibits respectable toxicity and notable antitumor activity in the colon cancer xenograft Co6044 bearing mice[1].
Gemcitabine elaidate (p.o. once daily for 5 doses) exhibits favorable toxicity and antitumor activity; however, the 15 mg/kg dose is highly toxic in the human colon cancer xenograft Co6044[1].

Cell Line: A549 and WiDR cells
Concentration: 0.0005, 0.001, 0.005, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 μM
Incubation Time: 72 h
Result: Induced a G2/M and S phase accumulation.

Female BALB/c nude (nu/nu) mice (5-8 weeks; 20-27 g) were bearing tumor of EKVX, H-146, MHMX, TAX II-1, OHS, THX, MA-11, CRL-1435, PANC-1 and MiaPaCa-2, respectively
25-120 mg/kg
I.p. every 3 days for 5 doses

[1]. Antiproliferative activity, mechanism of action and oral antitumor activity of CP-4126, a fatty acid derivative of gemcitabine, in in vitro and in vivo tumor models. Invest New Drugs. 2011 Jun;29(3):456-66.

[2]. Cell cycle effects of fatty acid derivatives of cytarabine, CP-4055, and of gemcitabine, CP-4126, as basis for the interaction with oxaliplatin and docetaxel. Int J Oncol. 2010 Jan;36(1):285-94.

Gemcitabine elaidate is a pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside. ChEBI
Gemcitabine elaidate has been used in trials studying the treatment of Solid Tumor, Lung Cancer, Non-small-cell Lung Cancer, and Metastatic Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. DrugBank
Gemcitabine Elaidate is a lipophilic, unsaturated fatty acid ester derivative of gemcitabine (dFdC), an antimetabolite deoxynucleoside analogue, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon hydrolysis intracellularly by esterases, the prodrug gemcitabine is converted into the active metabolites difluorodeoxycytidine di- and tri-phosphate (dFdCDP and dFdCTP) by deoxycytidine kinase. dFdCDP inhibits ribonucleotide reductase, thereby decreasing the deoxynucleotide pool available for DNA synthesis; dFdCTP is incorporated into DNA, resulting in DNA strand termination and apoptosis. Due to its lipophilicity, gemcitabine 5'-elaidic acid ester exhibits an increased cellular uptake and accumulation, resulting in an increased conversion to active metabolites, compared to gemcitabine. In addition, this formulation of gemcitabine may be less susceptible to deamination and deactivation by deoxycytidine deaminase.

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Gemcitabine is a deoxycytidine (dCyd) analog with activity in leukemia and solid tumors, which requires phosphorylation by deoxycytidine kinase (dCK). Decreased membrane transport is a mechanism of resistance to gemcitabine. In order to facilitate gemcitabine uptake and prolong retention in the cell, a lipophilic pro-drug was synthesized (CP-4126), with an elaidic fatty acid esterified at the 5'position. CP-4126 was tested in cell lines resistant to cytarabine, another dCyd analog or gemcitabine. Activity of gemcitabine and the derivative was comparable in the parent cell lines, while in dCK deficient cells all compounds were inactive. However, inhibition of nucleoside transport increased the IC(50) for gemcitabine up to 200-fold, but not for CP-4126, underlining the independence of a nucleoside transporter. For in vivo evaluation, nude mice bearing a human xenograft were treated intraperitoneally every third day for five doses at the maximal tolerated dose. In melanoma, sarcoma, lung, prostate, pancreatic and breast cancer xenografts, gemcitabine and CP-4126 were equally and highly effective; in four other xenografts moderately but equally active. In contrast to gemcitabine, CP-4126 could be administered orally, with a schedule and dose dependent toxicity and antitumor activity. In a colon cancer xenograft, antitumor activity of orally administered CP-4126 was equal to the intraperitoneally administered drug. In conclusion, CP-4126 is membrane transporter independent. Intraperitoneally administered CP-4126 was as effective as gemcitabine in several xenografts and CP-4126 is tolerated when orally administered. CP-4126 seems to be a promising new anticancer drug.[1]

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To bypass resistance due to limited entry into the cell derivatives of cytarabine (CP-4055, elacytarabine) and gemcitabine (CP-4126) containing a fatty acid chain at the 5' position of the nucleoside were developed. CP-4055 showed an increased retention of the active metabolite, the triphosphate. This characteristic was supposed to favor combinations, such as with the tubulin antagonist docetaxel, the platinum oxaliplatin and the antifolate pemetrexed. The role of the cell cycle effects of CP-4055 and CP-4126 on the efficacy of the combination with docetaxel or pemetrexed was determined. The combination of CP-4055 with oxaliplatin and docetaxel was also evaluated in a mouse xenograft model. CP-4055 induced a G2/M and S phase accumulation and CP-4126 an S phase accumulation. Both analogs induced a dose-dependent cell kill (apoptosis and necrosis). None of the docetaxel combinations induced a synergistic effect. The combination of docetaxel with CP-4055 or CP-4126 induced a G2/M accumulation in the A549 (lung cancer) cell line, but a G0/G1 accumulation in the WiDR (colon cancer) cell line. Preincubation with docetaxel induced an increased cell kill in both cell lines. The combination with oxaliplatin showed a synergistic effect in both cell lines. Combinations with pemetrexed were antagonistic in both cell lines. In the A549 cell line pemetrexed with CP-4055 led to an increase of the G0/G1 phase and the S phase. In WiDR the combination of pemetrexed with CP-4055 increased the G0/G1 phase and increased the cell kill. Pemetrexed with CP-4126 induced an increase in the G0/G1 phase and the S phase in the A549 cell line. In the xenograft study, on a colon cancer and a lung metastasis model, the combination of CP-4055 with docetaxel showed the best results. Treatment with CP-4055 followed by docetaxel after 4 h resulted in a reduction in metastasis in a lung metastasis model, and a favorable toxicity profile was observed. In conclusion, the combinations with oxaliplatin showed a synergistic effect in the combination studies. Although the combinations with docetaxel did not show an enhanced effect in the in vitro studies, this combination revealed an increased effect in the xenograft model.[2]

C27H43N3O5F2

527.64422

527.32

C, 61.46; H, 8.21; F, 7.20; N, 7.96; O, 15.16

210829-30-4

95058-81-4; 122111-03-9 (HCl); 116371-67-6 (Gemcitabine monophosphate free acid); 1638288-31-9 (Gemcitabine monophosphate disodium salt); 840506-29-8 [Acelarin (NUC-1031) is a ProTide transformation and enhancement of the widely-used nucleoside analogue, gemcitabine]; 892128-60-8 (LY2334737, an orally bioavailable prodrug of gemcitabine)

9828310

White solid powder

1.2±0.1 g/cm3

631.4±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg

335.7±34.3 °C

0.0±4.2 mmHg at 25°C

1.536

7.7

117.66

CCCCCCCC/C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H]1[C@H](C([C@@H](O1)N2C=CC(=NC2=O)N)(F)F)O

HESSNRGIEVBPRB-QDDPNBLJSA-N

InChI=1S/C27H43F2N3O5/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-23(33)36-20-21-24(34)27(28,29)25(37-21)32-19-18-22(30)31-26(32)35/h9-10,18-19,21,24-25,34H,2-8,11-17,20H2,1H3,(H2,30,31,35)/b10-9+/t21-,24-,25-/m1/s1

[(2R,3R,5R)-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)-4,4-difluoro-3-hydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methyl (E)-octadec-9-enoate

Gemcitabine elaidate; CO101; CP4126; CO-101; CP-4126; CO 101; CO-101; Gemcitabine (elaidate); CP-4126 (LVT DERIVATIVE OF GEMCITABINE); CO-1.01; 231C73W7LG; CP 4126

2934.99.9001

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

DMSO: ≥ 100 mg/mL (~189.52 mM)

Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (4.74 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution.

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Solubility in Formulation 2: 2.5 mg/mL (4.74 mM) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), suspension solution; with ultrasonication.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution.

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Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (4.74 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly.

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 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)