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| 100mg | ||
| 250mg | ||
| 500mg |
| ln Vitro |
Ginsenoside Rh3 prevents UV-induced oxidative damage in retinal cells by stimulating the nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway. Ginsenoside Rh3 treatment in retinal cells activates Nrf2. Ginsenoside Rh3's potential activity on Nrf2 signaling is investigated in retinal pigment epithelium cells (RPEs). The qRT-PCR results show that treatment with Ginsenoside Rh3 increases mRNA transcription and expression of important Nrf2-regulated genes such as HO1, NQO1, and GCLC in a dose-dependent manner. Ginsenoside Rh3 (3-10 μM) treatment significantly increases the expression of Nrf2-dependent genes (HO1, NQO1, and GCLC) in RPEs. Notably, whereas Nrf2 mRNA levels remain unaltered following Ginsenoside Rh3 treatment, Rh3 considerably increases Nrf2 protein levels[1]. The EZ-Cytox assay is used to determine the effect of ginsenoside-Rh3 on SP 1-keratinocyte viability. Ginsenoside Rh3 (0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 μM) has no cytotoxic impact at any concentration [2].
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| ln Vivo |
Using the light-induced retinal injury paradigm, the possible impact of ginsenoside Rh3 is investigated on the retina of mice. A 30-minute pre-treatment intravitreal injection of ginsenoside Rh3 (5 mg/kg body weight) considerably reduces the decrease in amplitude of both the a- and b-waves caused by light. After exposure to light, the electroretinography (ERG) a-wave falls to 46.03±1.62% of the control level; however, treatment of ginsenoside Rh3 restores the a-wave to 71.84±7.51%. After being exposed to light, the b-wave drops to 40.19±3.34% of the control level; an intravitreal injection of Rh3 raises the level back to 80.01±2.37%[1].
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| References |
[1]. Tang CZ, et al. Activation of Nrf2 by Ginsenoside Rh3 protects retinal pigment epithelium cells and retinal ganglion cells from UV. Free Radic Biol Med. 2018 Mar;117:238-246.
[2]. Chung I, et al. Inhibitory mechanism of Korean Red Ginseng on GM-CSF expression in UVB-irradiated keratinocytes. J Ginseng Res. 2015 Oct;39(4):322-30 |
| Molecular Formula |
C36H60O7
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
604.8574
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| CAS # |
105558-26-7
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| Appearance |
Typically exists as solids (or liquids in special cases) at room temperature
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| SMILES |
O([H])C1([H])C([H])([H])C2([H])C3(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C3([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C2(C([H])([H])[H])C2(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(C(=C([H])C([H])([H])/C(/[H])=C(\C([H])([H])[H])/C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H])C21[H])OC1([H])C([H])(C([H])(C([H])(C([H])(C([H])([H])O[H])O1)O[H])O[H])O[H]
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~6.67 mg/mL (~11.03 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: 0.67 mg/mL (1.11 mM) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), suspension solution; with sonication.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 6.7 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 0.67 mg/mL (1.11 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 6.7 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.6533 mL | 8.2664 mL | 16.5328 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.3307 mL | 1.6533 mL | 3.3066 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1653 mL | 0.8266 mL | 1.6533 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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