| Size | Price | |
|---|---|---|
| 500mg | ||
| 1g | ||
| Other Sizes |
GTS-21 is a novel and potent alpha7nAChR nicotinic receptor agonist
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Absorption, Distribution and Excretion
Rapidly and extensively absorbed after oral administration. In rat, GTS-21 showed linear pharmacokinetics over doses ranging from 1 to 10 mg/kg with an absolute bioavailability of 23%. In dog, the absolute bioavailability was 27% at an oral dose of 3 mg/kg. Metabolism / Metabolites GTS-21 was O-demethylated to yield compounds that were then subject to glucuronidation. Three of the metabolites in rat urine were isolated and characterized as 4-OH-GTS-21, 4-OH-GTS-21 glucuronide and 2-OH-GTS-21 glucuronide. The major urinary metabolites were 4-OH-GTS-21 glucuronide and 2-OH-GTS-21 glucuronide. In vitro chemical inhibition of cytochrome P450 in human liver microsomes indicated that CYPIA2 and CYP2E1 were the isoforms primarily responsible for the O-demethylation of GTS-21, with some contribution from CYP3A. Gts-21 has known human metabolites that include 2-hydroxy-GTS-21 and 4-hydroxy-GTS-21. |
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
DMXB-A is a dimethoxybenzene.
GTS-21 (also known as DMBX-A), is a novel, small-molecule, orally active and selective alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine (nACh) receptor agonist that has demonstrated memory and cognition enhancement activity in human clinical trials. Athenagen licensed the exclusive rights to the compound and a related library of analogs as part of the acquisition of Osprey Pharmaceutical Company in April 2006. GTS-21 has been studied in multiple Phase I studies in healthy volunteers and one Phase I/II study in schizophrenic patients. In all studies, the compound was well tolerated. In a Phase I multi-dose, double-blind, placebo controlled study in healthy adults, GTS-21 also demonstrated cognitive enhancement across all doses, with a statistically significant improvement in attention related and memory related tasks (Kitagawa, et al. Neuropsychopharmacology (2003), 28, 542-551). See also: 3-(2,4-Dimethoxybenzylidene)Anabaseine (annotation moved to). Drug Indication Investigated for use/treatment in alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders. Mechanism of Action Auditory sensory gating, a biological measurement of the ability to suppress the evoked response to the second of two auditory stimuli, is diminished in people with schizophrenia. Deficits in sensory gating are associated with attentional impairment, and may contribute to cognitive symptoms and perceptual disturbances. This inhibitory process, which involves the alpha(7) nicotinic receptor mediated release of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) by hippocampal interneurons, represents a potential new target for therapeutic intervention in schizophrenia. GTS-21 is an orally active alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine (nACh) receptor agonist. |
| Molecular Formula |
C19H20N2O2
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
308.381
|
| Exact Mass |
308.152
|
| CAS # |
148372-04-7
|
| PubChem CID |
5310985
|
| Appearance |
Typically exists as solid at room temperature
|
| LogP |
3.2
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
4
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
23
|
| Complexity |
447
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
|
| SMILES |
COC1=CC=C(/C=C/2\CCCN=C2C3=CN=CC=C3)C(=C1)OC
|
| InChi Key |
RPYWXZCFYPVCNQ-RVDMUPIBSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C19H20N2O2/c1-22-17-8-7-14(18(12-17)23-2)11-15-5-4-10-21-19(15)16-6-3-9-20-13-16/h3,6-9,11-13H,4-5,10H2,1-2H3/b15-11+
|
| Chemical Name |
3-[(5E)-5-[(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyridin-6-yl]pyridine
|
| Synonyms |
GTS21 GTS 21GTS-21 DMXB-A
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
|
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.2428 mL | 16.2138 mL | 32.4275 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.6486 mL | 3.2428 mL | 6.4855 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3243 mL | 1.6214 mL | 3.2428 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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