Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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500mg |
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1g |
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5g |
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Other Sizes |
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Targets |
Aminoglycoside
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ln Vitro |
Streptomyces hygroscopicus synthesizes hygromycin B, an aminocyclitol antibiotic that strongly inhibits both 70S and 80S ribosomes[1].
At a concentration of 0.38 mM, hygromycin B completely stops the growth of yeast cells in rich media, most likely by stopping cytoplasmic ribosomes from synthesizing proteins. Low concentrations of hygromycin B significantly inhibit the synthesis of polypeptides in cell-free extracts from yeast, wheat germ, and rabbit reticulocytes. The antibiotic stops the translocation of elongation factor EF-2, which inhibits yeast polysomes from elongating peptide chains. Hygromycin B's suppression of translocation may be due to the stabilization of peptidyl-tRNA attached to the ribosomal acceptor site[2].
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ln Vivo |
By preventing ribosome translocation, hygromycin B inhibits protein synthesis without significantly altering ribosome positioning in vivo[3].
Hygromycin B resistance is conferred in vivo in transgenic mice through constitutive expression of the bacterial hygR gene[4]. |
Animal Protocol |
Dissolve hygromycin B in sterile water. Hygromycin B i.p. is administered as a single dose to the hygR-carrying C57BL/6J-TgN(pPWL512hyg)1Em mice at a starting dose of 2.7 mg/kg and increasing by 50% with each subsequent dose. The same volume of sterile saline is administered to wild-type C57BL/6J control mice. There is 0.5 mL injected in total. For ten days in a row, the animals' body weight and general health are observed every day[4].
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References |
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Molecular Formula |
C20H37N3O13
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Molecular Weight |
527.52
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Exact Mass |
527.2326
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Elemental Analysis |
C, 45.54; H, 7.07; N, 7.97; O, 39.43
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CAS # |
31282-04-9
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Appearance |
Solid powder
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SMILES |
O[C@H]([C@H]1O)C2(O[C@@]([C@@H](N)CO)([H])[C@@H]1O)O[C@@]([C@@H](O[C@@H]3CO)O[C@@]([C@H]([C@H](N)C4)O)([H])[C@@H]([C@H]4NC)O)([H])[C@@]([C@H]3O)([H])O2
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InChi Key |
GRRNUXAQVGOGFE-HUCHGKBZSA-N
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InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C20H37N3O13/c1-23-7-2-5(21)9(26)15(10(7)27)33-19-17-16(11(28)8(4-25)32-19)35-20(36-17)18(31)13(30)12(29)14(34-20)6(22)3-24/h5-19,23-31H,2-4,21-22H2,1H3/t5-,6+,7+,8-,9+,10-,11+,12-,13+,14-,15-,16+,17+,18-,19+,20?/m1/s1
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Chemical Name |
D-Streptamine, O-6-amino-6-deoxy-L-glycero-D-galacto-heptopyranosylidene(1-2-3)-O-beta-D-talopyranosyl-(1->)-2-deoxy-N3-methyl-
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Synonyms |
HygromycinB, Hygrovetine, Hygromix 2.4, Antihelmycin, Hygromix-8;Hygromycin-B; AI3-29796; AI3 29796; AI329796
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HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.03.00
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Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~189.57 mM )
H2O : 50~100 mg/mL (~94.78 mM ) |
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Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 5 mg/mL (9.48 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 50.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 5 mg/mL (9.48 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 50.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C,1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 5 mg/mL (9.48 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 4: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (4.74 mM) (saturation unknown) in 5% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 50% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 5: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (4.74 mM) (saturation unknown) in 5% DMSO + 95% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C,1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 6: ≥ 0.5 mg/mL (0.95 mM) (saturation unknown) in 1% DMSO 99% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 7: 10% DMSO+40% PEG300+5% Tween-80+45% Saline: ≥ 5 mg/mL (9.48 mM) Solubility in Formulation 8: 100 mg/mL (189.57 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with ultrasonication. |
Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
1 mM | 1.8957 mL | 9.4783 mL | 18.9566 mL | |
5 mM | 0.3791 mL | 1.8957 mL | 3.7913 mL | |
10 mM | 0.1896 mL | 0.9478 mL | 1.8957 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration: mg/mL;
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution: mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation::Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O,mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
Chemical structures of aminoglycoside antibiotics. [3].Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2003 May;47(5):1496-502. td> |
Secondary structure and sequence comparison of the hygromycin binding site within the 16S rRNA A-site region of the prokaryotes E. coli and M. smegmatis, the archaeon Thermococcus celer, and the eukaryotic homologues of T. thermophila and Homo sapiens (cytoplasmic and mitochondrial). [3].Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2003 May;47(5):1496-502. td> |
(a) Hygromycin B bound to helix 44 of 16S rRNA (cyan) with rings I, II, III, and IV. The resistance mutations at U1406, C1496, and U1498 found in this study are indicated (in red), and resistance mutation U1495 described by Spangler and Blackburn (31) is also shown (green base). The figure was produced with Ribbons/PovRay (7). (b) Chemical structure diagram of hygromycin B and the proposed interaction with 16S rRNA (blue) (4). Resistance mutations that interact directly with hygromycin B (C1496 and U1498) are shown in red.[3].Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2003 May;47(5):1496-502. td> |