| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 100mg |
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| 500mg |
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| 1g |
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| Other Sizes |
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| ln Vitro |
Kynurenic acid, an intermediate uric acid channel, is absorbed by GPR35. In G qi/o chimeric G proteins, phosphoinositide synthesis and calcium stimulation are initiated through a GPR35-coupled mechanism by kynurenic acid. In GPR35-expressing cells, kynurenic acid increases [35S]guanosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) binding; treatment with pertussis toxin eliminates this effect. GPR35 internalization is also induced by kynurenic acid [1]. Millimolar concentrations of the compounds were used to identify KYNA's neuromodulatory capabilities as well as the neuroprotective and anticonvulsant effects that go along with them. The other possibility is that KYNA functions as an internal kynurenate with a shallower closed curve and non-competitive localization against cultured hippocampi, as indicated by this and its effect on the clear ionotropic glutamate receptors responsible for these effects [NMDA, α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA), and red algae alkaline salts]. These receptors have low affinity for each other, and the knowledge that KYNA concentrations in the brain are in the submicromolar range. The IC50 value of α7nAChRs on neurons is within the low micromolar range [2].
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| ln Vivo |
Mice peripheral blood leukocyte activity is influenced by kynurenic acid; the maximum concentration (250 mg/L) has the least effect, while the lowest concentration (2.5 mg/L) has the biggest effect. After giving acid to animals for seven and twenty-eight days, the smallest dose of kynurenic acid induced the ischemia response of T (p<0.05) [3].
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| References |
[1]. Wang J, et al. Kynurenic acid as a ligand for orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR35. J Biol Chem. 2006 Aug 4;281(31):22021-8.
[2]. Albuquerque EX, et al. Kynurenic acid as an antagonist of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the brain: facts and challenges. Biochem Pharmacol. 2013 Apr 15;85(8):1027-32. [3]. Małaczewska J, et al. Effect of oral administration of kynurenic acid on the activity of the peripheral blood leukocytes in mice. Cent Eur J Immunol. 2014;39(1):6-1 |
| Molecular Formula |
C10H7NO3
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
189.17
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| Exact Mass |
189.04
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| CAS # |
492-27-3
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| Related CAS # |
Kynurenic acid-d5;350820-13-2;Kynurenic acid sodium;2439-02-3
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| Appearance |
Typically exists as solids (or liquids in special cases) at room temperature
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| SMILES |
O=C1C([H])=C(C(=O)O[H])N([H])C2=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C21
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| Synonyms |
Kynuronic acid; Kynurenic acid; Kynurenic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
0.1 M NaOH : ~12.5 mg/mL (~66.08 mM)
DMSO : ~9 mg/mL (~47.58 mM) H2O : < 0.1 mg/mL |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 1.25 mg/mL (6.61 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 12.5 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 1.25 mg/mL (6.61 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 12.5 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: 33.33 mg/mL (176.19 mM) in 50% PEG300 50% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), suspension solution; with ultrasonication. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 5.2863 mL | 26.4313 mL | 52.8625 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.0573 mL | 5.2863 mL | 10.5725 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.5286 mL | 2.6431 mL | 5.2863 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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