Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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500mg |
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1g |
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2g |
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5g |
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10g |
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Other Sizes |
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Purity: ≥98%
Levothyroxine (also known as L-Thyroxine; T4), a synthetic hormone derived from the thyroid gland, is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism (deficiency of the thyroid hormones). DIO enzymes convert biologically active thyroid hormone (Triiodothyronine,T3) from L-Thyroxine (T4). Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (monoiodotyrosine) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (diiodotyrosine) in the thyroglobulin. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form triiodothyronine which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.
ln Vivo |
Adrenaline (cortogen) is converted to active adrenal cortex by the enzyme deiodinase (DIO), and the levels of TSH, the catalytic adrenaline, are correlated with this response. The adrenal cortex gets activated by DIO1 and DIO2, and gets deactivated by DIO3. In the negative feedback regulation of pituitary TSH, the actions of DIO1 and DIO2 are decisive [1]. The modulation of ion channels, pumps, and regulatory contractions is well-established for thyroxine (T3) and L-thyroxine (T4). Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that androgens influence charging excitation, calcium replenishment, contractile mortality, and the regulation of drug control and feeding by L-thyroxine and triiodothyronine. Significantly reduced levels of triiodothyronine and L-thyroxine were detected in the cohort fed an iodine-free diet for 12 weeks, as compared to the control group fed a regular diet (p<0.001). A rise in L-thyroxine levels (p=0.02) was noted in the group receiving low-dose L-thyroxine treatment, although triiodothyronine levels (p=0.19) remained nearly uniform with headache severity. Increases in circulation concentrations of triiodothyronine and L-thyroxine were observed after treatment with high-dose L-thyroxine as compared to the hypothyroid group that did not receive treatment (p<0.001 and p=0.004, each). Comparing the levels of thyroid hormone to the control values, there was a significant rise (p=0.03).
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References |
[1]. Arici M, et al. Association between genetic polymorphism and levothyroxine bioavailability in hypothyroid patients. Endocr J. 2018 Mar 28;65(3):317-323.
[2]. Corriveau S, et al. Levothyroxine treatment generates an abnormal uterine contractility patterns in an in vitro animalmodel. J Clin Transl Endocrinol. 2015 Sep 9;2(4):144-149 |
Molecular Formula |
C15H11I4NO4
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Molecular Weight |
776.8700
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CAS # |
51-48-9
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Related CAS # |
Thyroxine sulfate;77074-49-8;L-Thyroxine sodium salt pentahydrate;6106-07-6;L-Thyroxine sodium;55-03-8;L-Thyroxine-13C6-1;1217780-14-7;Biotin-(L-Thyroxine);149734-00-9;Biotin-hexanamide-(L-Thyroxine);2278192-78-0;Thyroxine hydrochloride-13C6;1421769-38-1;L-Thyroxine-13C6;720710-30-5;L-Thyroxine-13C6,15N;1431868-11-9
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Appearance |
Typically exists as solids (or liquids in special cases) at room temperature
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SMILES |
OC([C@@H](N)CC1=CC(I)=C(C(I)=C1)OC2=CC(I)=C(O)C(I)=C2)=O
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InChi Key |
XUIIKFGFIJCVMT-LBPRGKRZSA-N
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InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C15H11I4NO4/c16-8-4-7(5-9(17)13(8)21)24-14-10(18)1-6(2-11(14)19)3-12(20)15(22)23/h1-2,4-5,12,21H,3,20H2,(H,22,23)/t12-/m0/s1
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Chemical Name |
(S)-2-amino-3-(4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenoxy)-3,5-diiodophenyl)propanoic acid
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Synonyms |
L-Thyroxin, L Thyroxin, T4, Levothyroxine sodium, Levothyroxine sodium pentahydrate, Thyroxine
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HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~250 mg/mL (~321.80 mM)
1M NaOH : 5 mg/mL (~6.44 mM) H2O : < 0.1 mg/mL |
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Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (2.68 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (2.68 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C,1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (2.68 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
1 mM | 1.2872 mL | 6.4361 mL | 12.8722 mL | |
5 mM | 0.2574 mL | 1.2872 mL | 2.5744 mL | |
10 mM | 0.1287 mL | 0.6436 mL | 1.2872 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration: mg/mL;
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution: mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation::Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O,mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
NCT Number | Recruitment | interventions | Conditions | Sponsor/Collaborators | Start Date | Phases |
NCT05174000 | COMPLETED | Drug: Test Euthyrox® Drug: Reference Euthyrox® |
Healthy | Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany |
2022-01-10 | Phase 1 |
NCT06073665 | RECRUITING | Drug: Levothyroxine Sodium | Hypothyroidism | University of Pennsylvania | 2024-01-31 | Phase 4 |
NCT03094416 | COMPLETEDWITH RESULTS | Drug: levothyroxine sodium capsule Drug: Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) Drug: Levothyroxine Sodium (LT4) Tablets |
Hypothyroidism;Postablative | IBSA Institut Biochimique SA | 2018-07-30 | Phase 4 |
NCT06135948 | COMPLETED | Drug: Extra dose of L-thyroxine, 25 mcg during Ramadan |
L-thyroxine | Emirates Health Services (EHS) | 2022-03-15 | Phase 4 |
NCT04037748 | COMPLETEDWITH RESULTS | Drug: Puran T4® Drug: Eutirox® |
Healthy | Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany |
2019-06-25 | Phase 1 |
Screening of thyroid function to confirm hypothyroid status. ELISA were performed to measure T3 (A) and T4 (B) concentrations (N = 6/group). (C) Detection of Deiodinase type 1 (DIO1) in uterine tissues obtained from control, hypothyroid and levothyroxine (T4)-treated non-pregnant rats. (D) Western blot quantification. This figure is representative of 5 identical experiments. *p < 0.05.[2].Levothyroxine treatment generates an abnormal uterine contractility patterns in an in vitro animalmodel. J Clin Transl Endocrinol. 2015 Sep 9;2(4):144-149. td> |
Spontaneous in vitro uterine contractile activity in control, iodine-deficient and T4-treated non-pregnant rat groups. Typical recordings in control (A), under iodine deficiency (B) and in 20 μg/kg (C) and 100 μg/kg (D) levothyroxine (T4)-treated rats under iodine deficiency conditions.[2].Levothyroxine treatment generates an abnormal uterine contractility patterns in an in vitro animalmodel. J Clin Transl Endocrinol. 2015 Sep 9;2(4):144-149 td> |