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Mefloquine HCl (Mefloquin)

Alias: Mefloquine Hydrochloride; Mephaquin; Mefloquine HCL; Loriam; Mefloquine (hydrochloride); WR-177,602; WR142,490; WR177,602; Ro215998001; Roche; Brand of Mefloquine Hydrochloride;
Cat No.:V1908 Purity: ≥98%
Mefloquine HCl(Mefloquin) is a blood schizonticide which inhibits hemozoin formation, and is used as aphospholipid-interacting antimalarial drug.
Mefloquine HCl (Mefloquin)
Mefloquine HCl (Mefloquin) Chemical Structure CAS No.: 51773-92-3
Product category: Parasite
This product is for research use only, not for human use. We do not sell to patients.
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Other Forms of Mefloquine HCl (Mefloquin):

  • Mefloquine (Mefloquin)
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Purity & Quality Control Documentation

Purity: ≥98%

Product Description

Mefloquine HCl (Mefloquin) is a blood schizonticide which inhibits hemozoin formation, and is used as a phospholipid-interacting antimalarial drug. Mefloquine is widely used in both the treatment and prophylaxis of Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Mefloquine can induces oxidative stress in vitro. Evidence indicates that reactive oxygen species (ROS) may be used as a therapeutic modality to kill cancer cell. Mefloquine inhibited KvLQT1/minK channel currents with an IC50 value of approximately 1 μM. Mefloquine slowed the activation rate of KvLQT1/minK and more block was evident at lower membrane potentials compared with higher ones.

Biological Activity I Assay Protocols (From Reference)
Targets
Plasmodium
ln Vitro
Mefloquine is a quinoline antimalarial drug that is structurally related to the antiarrhythmic agent quinidine. Mefloquine is widely used in both the treatment and prophylaxis of Plasmodium falciparum malaria. MQ can induces oxidative stress in vitro. Evidence indicates that reactive oxygen species (ROS) may be used as a therapeutic modality to kill cancer cells.
ln Vivo
Pregnant rats were treated orally with AS (15 and 40 mg/kg body weight (bwt)/day), MQ (30 and 80 mg/kg bwt/day) and AS/MQ (15/30 and 40/80 mg/kg bwt/day) on days 9-11 post coitum (pc). The dams were euthanized on day 12 pc and gestational and embryos histological parameters were evaluated.
Cell Assay
Mefloquine inhibitedKvLQT1/minK channel currents with an IC50 value of approximately 1 microM. Mefloquine slowed the activation rate of KvLQT1/minK and more block was evident at lower membrane potentials compared with higher ones. HERG channel currents were about 6-fold less sensitive to block by mefloquine (IC50 = 5.6 microM). Block of HERG displayed a positive voltage dependence with maximal inhibition obtained at more depolarized potentials. MQ has a highly selective cytotoxicity that inhibits PCa cell growth. MQ-mediated ROS simultaneously downregulated Akt phosphorylation and activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling in PC3 cells.
Animal Protocol
30 and 80 mg/kg; oral gavage
Rats
References

[1]. Interactions of the antimalarial drug mefloquine with the human cardiac potassium channels KvLQT1/minK andHERG. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2001 Oct;299(1):290-6.

[2]. Mefloquine exerts anticancer activity in prostate cancer cells via ROS-mediated modulation of Akt, ERK, JNK and AMPK signaling. Oncol Lett. 2013 May;5(5):1541-1545.

[3]. Mefloquine, a Potent Anti-severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Related Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Drug as an Entry Inhibitor in vitro. Front Microbiol. 2021 Apr 30;12:651403.

[4]. Reversal of loss of bone mass in old mice treated with mefloquine. Bone. 2018 Sep;114:22-31.

These protocols are for reference only. InvivoChem does not independently validate these methods.
Physicochemical Properties
Molecular Formula
C17H17CLF6N2O
Molecular Weight
414.77
Elemental Analysis
C, 49.23; H, 4.13; Cl, 8.55; F, 27.48; N, 6.75; O, 3.86
CAS #
51773-92-3
Related CAS #
Mefloquine;53230-10-7
Appearance
White to light yellow crystalline powder.
SMILES
C1CCN[C@H](C1)[C@H](C2=CC(=NC3=C2C=CC=C3C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F)O.Cl
InChi Key
WESWYMRNZNDGBX-YLCXCWDSSA-N
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C17H16F6N2O.ClH/c18-16(19,20)11-5-3-4-9-10(15(26)12-6-1-2-7-24-12)8-13(17(21,22)23)25-14(9)11;/h3-5,8,12,15,24,26H,1-2,6-7H2;1H/t12-,15+;/m1./s1
Chemical Name
(S)-[2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-[(2R)-piperidin-2-yl]methanol;hydrochloride
Synonyms
Mefloquine Hydrochloride; Mephaquin; Mefloquine HCL; Loriam; Mefloquine (hydrochloride); WR-177,602; WR142,490; WR177,602; Ro215998001; Roche; Brand of Mefloquine Hydrochloride;
HS Tariff Code
2934.99.9001
Storage

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture.
Shipping Condition
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
Solubility Data
Solubility (In Vitro)
Ethanol :~83 mg/mL
H2O :~2.86 mg/mL (~6.90 mM)
DMSO : ~50 mg/mL ( ~120.54 mM )
Solubility (In Vivo)
Solubility in Formulation 1: 2.5 mg/mL (6.03 mM) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with sonication.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution.

Solubility in Formulation 2: 2.5 mg/mL (6.03 mM) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with ultrasonication.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C,1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution.

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Solubility in Formulation 3: 2.5 mg/mL (6.03 mM) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with ultrasonication.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly.


Solubility in Formulation 4: 10% DMSO+40% PEG300+5% Tween-80+45% Saline: 2.5 mg/mL (6.03 mM)

 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)
Preparing Stock Solutions 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 2.4110 mL 12.0549 mL 24.1097 mL
5 mM 0.4822 mL 2.4110 mL 4.8219 mL
10 mM 0.2411 mL 1.2055 mL 2.4110 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.

Calculator

Molarity Calculator allows you to calculate the mass, volume, and/or concentration required for a solution, as detailed below:

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An example of molarity calculation using the molarity calculator is shown below:
What is the mass of compound required to make a 10 mM stock solution in 5 ml of DMSO given that the molecular weight of the compound is 350.26 g/mol?
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  • The answer of 17.513 mg appears in the Mass box. In a similar way, you may calculate the volume and concentration.

Dilution Calculator allows you to calculate how to dilute a stock solution of known concentrations. For example, you may Enter C1, C2 & V2 to calculate V1, as detailed below:

What volume of a given 10 mM stock solution is required to make 25 ml of a 25 μM solution?
Using the equation C1V1 = C2V2, where C1=10 mM, C2=25 μM, V2=25 ml and V1 is the unknown:
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  • The answer of 62.5 μL (0.1 ml) appears in the Volume (Start) box
g/mol

Molecular Weight Calculator allows you to calculate the molar mass and elemental composition of a compound, as detailed below:

Note: Chemical formula is case sensitive: C12H18N3O4  c12h18n3o4
Instructions to calculate molar mass (molecular weight) of a chemical compound:
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Definitions of molecular mass, molecular weight, molar mass and molar weight:
  • Molecular mass (or molecular weight) is the mass of one molecule of a substance and is expressed in the unified atomic mass units (u). (1 u is equal to 1/12 the mass of one atom of carbon-12)
  • Molar mass (molar weight) is the mass of one mole of a substance and is expressed in g/mol.
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Reconstitution Calculator allows you to calculate the volume of solvent required to reconstitute your vial.

  • Enter the mass of the reagent and the desired reconstitution concentration as well as the correct units
  • Click the “Calculate” button
  • The answer appears in the Volume (to add to vial) box
In vivo Formulation Calculator (Clear solution)
Step 1: Enter information below (Recommended: An additional animal to make allowance for loss during the experiment)
Step 2: Enter in vivo formulation (This is only a calculator, not the exact formulation for a specific product. Please contact us first if there is no in vivo formulation in the solubility section.)
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Calculation results

Working concentration mg/mL;

Method for preparing DMSO stock solution mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.

Method for preparing in vivo formulation:Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O,mix and clarify.

(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
             (2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.

Clinical Trial Information
NCT Number Recruitment interventions Conditions Sponsor/Collaborators Start Date Phases
NCT00746941 Terminated Drug: mefloquine Progressive Multifocal
Leukoencephalopathy
Biogen January 2009 Phase 1
Phase 2
NCT01430351 Active,not recruiting Drug: Mefloquine
Drug: Temozolomide
Glioblastoma
Gliosarcoma
M.D. Anderson
Cancer Center
September 14, 2011 Phase 1
NCT03923725 Recruiting Drug: Artesunate-mefloquine
+placebo (AS-MQ+PBO)
Plasmodium Falciparum
Malaria (Uncomplicated)
University of Oxford September 1, 2020 Phase 3
NCT05690841 Not yet recruiting Drug: Focal Mass
Drug Administration (fMDA)
Malaria, Vivax
Malaria
University of California,
San Francisco
June 1, 2024 Phase 3
Biological Data
  • Mefloquine (MFQ) inhibits Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) propagation. (A) Schematic representation of the SARS-CoV-2 infection assay. VeroE6/TMPRSS2 cells were inoculated with SARS-CoV-2 (Wk-521 strain) at an MOI of 0.001 for 1 h. After removing the unbound virus, cells were cultured for 24 h to detect virus-encoding N protein by immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and immunoblot (IB) or to detect viral RNA in the culture supernatant by RT-qPCR, or for 48 h to observe virus-induced cytopathic effect (CPE). Compounds were treated given throughout the assay. (B) Dose dependency of Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) on CPE suppression. VeroE6/TMPRSS2 cells were inoculated with the virus for 1 h. Removing the unbound virus, cells were cultured with a medium containing the indicated compounds for 48 h. CPE was observed by microscopy. (C) Screening of anti-parasitic/protozoal drugs in the cell-based infection assay. Compounds were administrated at 5 μM, at which hydroxychloroquine showed little effect on CPE. The viability of infected cells was quantified via a high content imaging analyzer by setting the value for the sample treated with DMSO solvent as 1. MFQ showed more than 57-fold higher cell viability than DMSO controls. (D,E) SARS-CoV-2-induced CPE and viral N protein expression upon compound treatments [DMSO at 0.08%; hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), mefloquine (MFQ), and primaquine (PRQ) at 8 μM]. Red and blue signals of merged images indicate viral N protein and nucleus, respectively (D, lower). Viral N protein and actin, an internal control, were detected by immunoblot (E). (F) The anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity of the indicated compounds in Calu-3 cells, a human lung epithelial cell-derived line. [3].Front Microbiol. 2021 Apr 30;12:651403.
  • Mefloquine administration reverses the decrease in bone formation induced by aging (A) MAR, MS/BS, and BFR/BS were measure in unstained sections of lumbar vertebra (n=7–10). (B) N.Ob/BS and Ob.S/BS were scored in lumbar vertebra stained with von Kossa/McNeal (n=7–10). (C) N.Oc/BS, Oc.S/BS, and ES/BS were scored in lumbar vertebra stained for TRAPase/Toluidine blue (n=7–8) in young and old mice. Bars represent mean ± s.d., #p<0.05 versus vehicle-treated young mice; *p<0.05 versus vehicle treated mice at the same age, by two-way ANOVA. Representative images from lumbar vertebra sections for the corresponding analysis are shown (red arrows; osteoblasts and black arrows; osteoclasts). All scale bars indicate 50μm.[4].Bone. 2018 Sep;114:22-31.
  • Mefloquine-treated young, but not old mice exhibit changes in histomorphometric parameters in cortical bone (A) MAR, MS/BS, and BFR/BS were measured in unstained sections of femoral mid-diaphysis (n=6–9). (B) N.Oc/BS, Oc.S/BS, and ES/BS were measured in cross-section of femoral mid-diaphysis stained for TRAPase (n=7–10). Representative images from osteoclasts on the bone surface (arrow, magenta) are shown. (C) Markers of bone resorption and formation were measured in serum from young and old mice treated with vehicle or mefloquine (n=6–10). [4].Bone. 2018 Sep;114:22-31.
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