Platelet aggregation generated by B16a and W256 tumor cells is dose-dependently inhibited by imidopine (1.5~150 μg/ml; 15 minutes). Additionally inhibiting in a similar mechanism is nimodipine[3].

By means of preventative continuous intrathecal injection, nimodipine (0.2 µg/µl) inhibits cerebral vasospasm associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage[2]. Nimodipine (0.1~80 mg/kg; po) significantly inhibits spontaneous metastasis in a dose-dependent manner[3].

Animal/Disease Models: New Zealand white rabbits[2]
Doses: 0.2 µg/µl
Route of Administration: Intrathecal administration
Experimental Results: Prevented subarachnoid hemorrhage-associated cerebral vasospasm by prophylactic continuous intrathecal administration.

Absorption, Distribution and Excretion
In humans, nimodipine is rapidly absorbed after oral administration, and peak concentrations are generally attained within one hour. Bioavailability is 100% following intravenous administration and 3-30% following oral administration due to extensive first-pass metabolism.
Nimodipine is eliminated almost exclusively in the form of metabolites and less than 1% is recovered in the urine as unchanged drug. Numerous metabolites, all of which are either inactive or considerably less active than the parent compound, have been identified.

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Metabolism / Metabolites
Hepatic metabolism via CYP 3A4.
Nimodipine has known human metabolites that include Dehydro nimodipine, Unii-96S4GG1upr, and 2,6-Dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-5-propan-2-yloxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylic acid.

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Biological Half-Life
1.7-9 hours

Effects During Pregnancy and Lactation
◉ Summary of Use during Lactation
Based on limited data, amounts ingested by the infant are small and would not be expected to cause any adverse effects in breastfed infants.
◉ Effects in Breastfed Infants
Relevant published information was not found as of the revision date.
◉ Effects on Lactation and Breastmilk
Relevant published information was not found as of the revision date.

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Protein Binding
95% bound to plasma protein

[1]. Nimodipine. Drugs 37, 669–699 (1989).

[2]. Prevention of delayed cerebral vasospasm by continuous intrathecal infusion of glyceroltrinitrate and nimodipine in the rabbit model in vivo. Intensive Care Med. 2008;34(5):932-938.

[3]. Inhibition of tumor cell-platelet interactions and tumor metastasis by the calcium channel blocker, nimodipine. Clin Exp Metastasis. 1984;2(1):61-72.

Nimodipine can cause developmental toxicity according to state or federal government labeling requirements.
Nimodipine is a dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a (2-methoxyethoxy)carbonyl group at position 3, a m-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isopropoxycarbonyl group at position 5. An L-type calcium channel blocker, it acts particularly on cerebral circulation, and is used both orally and intravenously for the prevention and treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured intracranial aneurysm. It has a role as an antihypertensive agent, a calcium channel blocker, a vasodilator agent and a cardiovascular drug. It is a dihydropyridine, a C-nitro compound, a diester, a member of dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives, a 2-methoxyethyl ester and an isopropyl ester.
Nimodipine is a 1,4-dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It acts primarily on vascular smooth muscle cells by stabilizing voltage-gated L-type calcium channels in their inactive conformation. By inhibiting the influx of calcium in smooth muscle cells, nimodipine prevents calcium-dependent smooth muscle contraction and subsequent vasoconstriction. Compared to other calcium channel blocking agents, nimodipine exhibits greater effects on cerebral circulation than on peripheral circulation. Nimodipine is used to as an adjunct to improve the neurologic outcome following subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured intracranial aneurysm.
Nimodipine is a Dihydropyridine Calcium Channel Blocker. The mechanism of action of nimodipine is as a Calcium Channel Antagonist.
Nimodipine is a second generation calcium channel blocker used in the treatment of cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Nimodipine is not widely used and has not been implicated in causing clinically apparent acute liver injury.
Nimodipine is a dihydropyridine derivative and an analogue of the calcium channel blocker nifedipine, with antihypertensive activity. Nimodipine inhibits the transmembrane influx of calcium ions in response to depolarization in smooth muscle cells, thereby inhibiting vascular smooth muscle contraction and inducing vasodilatation. Nimodipine has a greater effect on cerebral arteries than on peripheral smooth muscle cells and myocardial cells, probably because this agent can cross the blood brain barrier due to its lipophilic nature. Furthermore, this agent also inhibits the drug efflux pump P-glycoprotein, which is overexpressed in some multi-drug resistant tumors, and may improve the efficacy of some antineoplastic agents.
A calcium channel blockader with preferential cerebrovascular activity. It has marked cerebrovascular dilating effects and lowers blood pressure.

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Drug Indication
For use as an adjunct to improve neurologic outcome following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) from ruptured intracranial berry aneurysms by reducing the incidence and severity of ischemic deficits.
FDA Label
Treatment of aneurysmal subarchnoidal haemorrhage

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Mechanism of Action
Although the precise mechanism of action is not known, nimodipine blocks intracellular influx of calcium through voltage-dependent and receptor-operated slow calcium channels across the membranes of myocardial, vascular smooth muscle, and neuronal cells. By specifically binding to L-type voltage-gated calcium channels, nimodipine inhibits the calcium ion transfer, resulting in the inhibition of vascular smooth muscle contraction. Evidence suggests that the dilation of small cerebral resistance vessels, with a resultant increase in collateral circulation, and/or a direct effect involving the prevention of calcium overload in neurons may be responsible for nimodipine's clinical effect in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage.

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Pharmacodynamics
Nimodipine belongs to the class of pharmacological agents known as calcium channel blockers. Nimodipine is indicated for the improvement of neurological outcome by reducing the incidence and severity of ischemic deficits in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured congenital aneurysms who are in good neurological condition post-ictus (e.g., Hunt and Hess Grades I-III). The contractile processes of smooth muscle cells are dependent upon calcium ions, which enter these cells during depolarization as slow ionic transmembrane currents. Nimodipine inhibits calcium ion transfer into these cells and thus inhibits contractions of vascular smooth muscle. In animal experiments, nimodipine had a greater effect on cerebral arteries than on arteries elsewhere in the body perhaps because it is highly lipophilic, allowing it to cross the blood brain barrier.

C21H26N2O7

418.44

418.174

66085-59-4

4497

Light yellow to yellow solid powder

1.2±0.1 g/cm3

534.8±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg

125°C

277.3±30.1 °C

0.0±1.4 mmHg at 25°C

1.539

3.86

1

8

9

30

736

0

UIAGMCDKSXEBJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI=1S/C21H26N2O7/c1-12(2)30-21(25)18-14(4)22-13(3)17(20(24)29-10-9-28-5)19(18)15-7-6-8-16(11-15)23(26)27/h6-8,11-12,19,22H,9-10H2,1-5H3

3-isopropyl 5-(2-methoxyethyl) 2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate

2934.99.9001

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage.

Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.97 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution.

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Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.97 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly.

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 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)