Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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250mg |
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500mg |
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1g |
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2g |
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5g |
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Other Sizes |
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Purity: ≥98%
Nitenpyram (trade names Capstar, Bestguard), an insect neurotoxin of the neonicotinoid class, is a fast and long-acting, and orally bioavailable nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AchR) agonist with neural signaling-blocking activity. It has been widely used as a veterinary medication to treat adult flea infestations, also used to treat parasites of livestock and pets.
ln Vitro |
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ln Vivo |
For dogs and cats, nitenpyram is given orally (1 mg/kg) to control fleas for a brief period of time. After 30 minutes of treatment, fleas begin to drop off of the animals, and one dose can keep animals safe for one to two days[1]. Because nitenpyram is so lipophilic, it is taken orally after meals to stimulate bile flow, which aids in dissolving the substance and improves gastrointestinal absorption of the medication. When given orally to dogs and cats, it is quickly and entirely absorbed from the GI tract in less than 90 minutes and entirely eliminated in the urine in 48 hours. In the liver, nitinpyram is hydroxylated and then conjugated. Nitenpyram does not build up in bodily tissues; instead, its conjugates are eliminated in the urine. In dogs and cats, the plasma half-life of nitenpyram is 3 and 8 hours, respectively. Nitenpyram's plasma half-life is probably prolonged in animals with liver and/or kidney issues[1].
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Animal Protocol |
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References |
[1]. Vo DT, et al. Insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists as flea adulticides in small animals. J Vet Pharmacol Ther. 2010 Aug;33(4):315-22.
[2]. Rust MK, et al. Efficacy and longevity of nitenpyram against adult cat fleas (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae). J Med Entomol. 2003 Sep;40(5):678-81. |
Molecular Formula |
C11H15CLN4O2
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Molecular Weight |
270.72
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CAS # |
150824-47-8
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Related CAS # |
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Appearance |
Typically exists as solids (or liquids in special cases) at room temperature
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SMILES |
O=[N+](/C=C(NC)/N(CC1=CC=C(Cl)N=C1)CC)[O-]
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Synonyms |
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HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
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Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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Solubility (In Vitro) |
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Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (7.68 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (7.68 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C,1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (7.68 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
1 mM | 3.6939 mL | 18.4693 mL | 36.9385 mL | |
5 mM | 0.7388 mL | 3.6939 mL | 7.3877 mL | |
10 mM | 0.3694 mL | 1.8469 mL | 3.6939 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration: mg/mL;
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution: mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation::Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O,mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
Chemical structures of neonicotinoids. The neonicotinoids are nitromethylenes (C=CHNO2), nitroguanidines(C=NNO2), and cyanoamidines (C=NCN). Imidacloprid, nitenpyram, acetamiprid and thiacloprid belong to the first generation and the chloronicotinyl subclass. Thiamethoxam and clothianidin (the second generation neonicotinoids) are the thianicotinyl subclass and dinotefuran (the third generation neonicotinoids) is the furanicotinyl subclass (Modified from Tomizawa M, Casida JE. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2005;45:247–268, Figure 1 with permission).[1].Insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists as flea adulticides in small animals. J Vet Pharmacol Ther. 2010 Aug;33(4):315-22. td> |