Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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250mg |
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1g |
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Other Sizes |
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ln Vitro |
Palmatin (0-100 μM; 42 h) diminishes the viral titers of DENV-2 and YFV with EC50 values of 26.4 μM and 7.3 μM, respectively, and suppresses WNV with an EC50 value of 3.6 μM [3]. The growth of colon cancer cells is inhibited by palmatin (0-1128 μM; 24-72 hours) [5]. By means of mitochondria-related pathways, palmatin (0-704 μM; 24 hours) can cause AURKA protein levels to drop, G2/M phase arrest, and death in colon cancer cells [5].
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ln Vivo |
Oral palmatine (50 or 100 mg/kg; taken once daily for 7 days) reduces the infiltration of inflammatory cells and ameliorates colitis caused by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) [1]. In mice, fulminant liver failure induced by lipopolysaccharide and D-galactosamine can be lessened by intraperitoneal injection of palmatin (0-200 mg/kg) once [2]. In mice, palmatine (0–1 mg/kg; i.p.; 10 days) exhibits memory-improving effects [4]. The growth of HCT-116 xenografts in mice is effectively inhibited by palmatine (33.75–135 mg/kg; oral; once daily for 26 days) [5].
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Cell Assay |
Cell proliferation assay[5]
Cell Types: HCT-116, SW480, HT-29 Tested Concentrations: 0, 88, 176, 352 and 704 μM (HCT-116, SW480); 0, 141, 282, 564 and 1128 μM (HT -29) Incubation Duration: 24, 48 and 72 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: Cell viability diminished in a dose-dependent manner. Western Blot Analysis[5] Cell Types: HCT-116, SW480, HT-29 Tested Concentrations: 100 nM for HCT-116, 500 nM for SW480 and HT-29 Incubation Duration: 24, 48 and 72 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: Pro-apoptotic markers substances, such as P53/P73, Caspase3 and Caspase9. AURKA protein levels are diminished. Cytochrome increases. c In the cytoplasm, both Bcl2 and Bcl-xl were diminished in a dose-dependent manner. Cell cycle analysis[5] Cell Types: HCT-116, SW480 Tested Concentrations: 88, 176, 352 and 704 μM Incubation Duration: 24, 48 and 72 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: Induced G2/M phase arrest in a dose-dependent manner. Apoptosis analysis [5] Cell Types: HCT-116, SW480 Tested Concentrations: 88, 176, 352 and 704 μM Incubation Duration: 24, 48 and 72 h Experimental Results: Apoptosis was induced in a dose-depen |
Animal Protocol |
Animal/Disease Models: DSS-induced colitis BALB/c mouse model (8 weeks old) [1]
Doses: 50 or 100 mg/kg Route of Administration: Orally, daily, for 7 days Experimental Results: Improved DSS-induced colitis It also prevents the infiltration of inflammatory cells in colitis; Dramatically extends the length of the colon; and Dramatically inhibits colonic MPO activity. Reduce the levels of colon inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-4 and IL-10); protect mucosal integrity by regulating TJs proteins and apoptotic proteins; restore DSS-induced Reduction of TJ proteins ZO-1, ZO-2 and Claudin-1; 100 mg/kg dose diminished Bax expression and enhanced Bcl-2 expression, preventing epithelial cell apoptosis and improving intestinal integrity. Preventing changes in intestinal microbiota in mice with DSS-induced colitis. Animal/Disease Models: Male ICR mouse (20-22 g), D-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide (GalN/LPS)-induced fulminant liver failure model [2] Doses: 25, 50, 100 or 200 mg/kg given Medication: intraperitonealinj |
References |
[1]. Zhang XJ, et al. Palmatine ameliorated murine colitis by suppressing tryptophan metabolism and regulating gut microbiota.Pharmacol Res. 2018 Nov;137:34-46.
[2]. Lee WC, et al. Palmatine attenuates D-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide-induced fulminant hepatic failure in mice. Food Chem Toxicol. 2010 Jan;48(1):222-8. [3]. Jia F, et al. Identification of palmatine as an inhibitor of West Nile virus. Arch Virol. 2010 Aug;155(8):1325-9. [4]. Dhingra D, et al. Memory-enhancing activity of palmatine in mice using elevated plus maze and morris water maze. Adv Pharmacol Sci. 2012;2012:357368. [5]. Liu X, et al. Palmatine induces G2/M phase arrest and mitochondrial-associated pathway apoptosis in colon cancer cells by targeting AURKA. Biochem Pharmacol. 2020 May;175:113933. [6]. Long J, et al. Palmatine: A review of its pharmacology, toxicity and pharmacokinetics. Biochimie. 2019 Jul;162:176-184. |
Molecular Formula |
C21H22NO4+.HO-
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Molecular Weight |
369.41102
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CAS # |
131-04-4
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Related CAS # |
Palmatine chloride;10605-02-4;Palmatine;3486-67-7
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Appearance |
Typically exists as solids (or liquids in special cases) at room temperature
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SMILES |
[OH-].COC1C=C2C(C3C=C4C=CC(=C(OC)C4=C[N+]=3CC2)OC)=CC=1OC
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HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~15.62 mg/mL (~42.28 mM)
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Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80: Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 :Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
1 mM | 2.7070 mL | 13.5351 mL | 27.0702 mL | |
5 mM | 0.5414 mL | 2.7070 mL | 5.4140 mL | |
10 mM | 0.2707 mL | 1.3535 mL | 2.7070 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration: mg/mL;
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution: mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation::Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O,mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.