| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 100mg |
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| Other Sizes |
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| ln Vitro |
Cellular immunological responses are stimulated by penicillamine (D-(-)-penicillamine) (5 mg; 7 days; CD4+ and CD+ splenocytes) [3].
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|---|---|
| ln Vivo |
Serum free copper concentrations are raised by penicillamine (D-(-)-penicillamine) (200 mg/kg; ig; daily for 3, 10, and 14 days; tx mice and DL mice) [1]. In the brains of tx mice and DL mice, penicillamine (200 mg/kg; ig; daily for 3, 10, and 14 days) enhances the expression of CTR1 and ATP7A mRNA [1]. Penicillamine causes oxidative stress in the central nervous system when administered intraperitoneally (i.g., 200 mg/kg; tx mice and DL mice) for 3, 10, and 14 days [1]. Penicillamine has a binaural impact on epileptic convulsions when administered intraperitoneally (0.1–250 mg/kg) to male NMRI mice once for 90 minutes [2]. Small dosages of penicillamine (5 mg/kg; intravenous injection; once daily for 8 weeks; male BN rats) can stop autoimmunity from developing [3].
|
| Cell Assay |
Western Blot Analysis[3]
Cell Types: CD4+ and CD+ splenocytes Tested Concentrations: 5 mg Incubation Duration: 7 days Experimental Results: IL-4 and IFN-γ mRNA expression increased after high-dose treatment, and expression in CD4+ and CD+ splenocytes remained Keep it high. |
| Animal Protocol |
Animal/Disease Models: Toxic lactation mutant mice (tx mice) and DL mice [1]
Doses: 200 mg/kg Route of Administration: po (oral gavage); one time/day for 3, 10 and 14 days Experimental Results: tx on day 3 Free copper concentrations increased in mouse serum. Animal/Disease Models: Toxic lactation mutant mice (tx mice) and DL mice [1] Doses: 200 mg/kg Route of Administration: po (oral gavage); one time/day for 3, 10 and 14 days Experimental Results: ATP7A mRNA expression Increased by 4 times. CTR1 mRNA expression increased 6.9-fold in the cortex and 9.1-fold in the basal ganglia of tx mice. Animal/Disease Models: Toxic lactation mutant mice (tx mice) and DL mice [1] Doses: 200 mg/kg Route of Administration: po (oral gavage); one time/day for 3, 10 and 14 days Experimental Results: Via nitric oxide /NMDA pathway increases MDA concentration and decreases GSH/GSSG ratio. Animal/Disease Models: Male NMRI mouse [2] Doses: 0.1, 0.5, 1, 10, 100, 150 and 250 mg/kg Route of Administration: intraperitoneal (ip) injection; once for 90 minutes Experimental Results: Low dose (0.5 mg/kg) It has anticonvulsant effects, and high dos |
| References |
[1]. Chen DB, et, al. Penicillamine increases free copper and enhances oxidative stress in the brain of toxic milk mice. PLoS One. 2012;7(5):e37709.
[2]. Rahimi N, et, al. Effects of D-penicillamine on pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures in mice: involvement of nitric oxide/NMDA pathways. Epilepsy Behav. 2014 Oct;39:42-7. [3]. Masson MJ, et, al. Tolerance induced by low dose D-penicillamine in the brown Norway rat model of drug-induced autoimmunity is immune-mediated. Chem Res Toxicol. 2004 Jan;17(1):82-94. [4]. Ishak R, et, al. Penicillamine revisited: historic overview and review of the clinical uses and cutaneous adverse effects. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2013 Jun;14(3):223-33. |
| Molecular Formula |
C5H11NO2S
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
149.21
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| Exact Mass |
149.05105
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| CAS # |
52-67-5
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| Related CAS # |
DL-Penicillamine;52-66-4;Penicillamine-d3
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| Appearance |
Typically exists as solids (or liquids in special cases) at room temperature
|
| SMILES |
S([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])[C@]([H])(C(=O)O[H])N([H])[H]
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| Synonyms |
Penicillamine; D-Penicillamine; Penicillamine
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O : ~125 mg/mL (~837.75 mM)
DMSO : ~1.43 mg/mL (~9.58 mM) |
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: 100 mg/mL (670.20 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with sonication.
(Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 6.7020 mL | 33.5098 mL | 67.0196 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.3404 mL | 6.7020 mL | 13.4039 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.6702 mL | 3.3510 mL | 6.7020 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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