Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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5mg |
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10mg |
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25mg |
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50mg |
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100mg |
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250mg |
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Other Sizes |
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Targets |
κ Opioid Receptor/KOR
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ln Vitro |
Dynorphin A (1-13) exposure (33 μM) causes a discernible destruction of neuronal morphology at 16 hours, and a substantial loss of neuronal viability at 4 hours. Individual neurons' acute [Ca2+]i increases in response to dynorphin A (1–13) exposure are comparable to those observed following acute NMDA treatment.Over time, dynorphin A (1–13) (100 μM) exposure consistently results in a notable loss of neurons[1].
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ln Vivo |
Dynorphin A (1-13) exposure (33 μM) resulted in a significant loss of neuronal viability at 4 hours and a significant disruption of neuronal morphology at 16 hours. Exposure to dynorphin A (1-13) results in a dramatic increase in [Ca2+]i in single neurons, similar to the increase seen with acute NMDA treatment. Sustained exposure to dynorphin A (1-13) (100 μM) results in significant neuronal loss over time [1].
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References |
Molecular Formula |
C75H126N24O15
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Molecular Weight |
1603.95474
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Exact Mass |
1602.98
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CAS # |
72957-38-1
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Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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SMILES |
CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCN=C(N)N)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCN=C(N)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCN=C(N)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC2=CC=CC=C2)NC(=O)CNC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CC3=CC=C(C=C3)O)N
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InChi Key |
OVVIBUHLQIYUEU-IWIISZHXSA-N
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InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C75H126N24O15/c1-7-45(6)61(70(111)94-53(25-17-35-87-75(83)84)71(112)99-36-18-26-58(99)69(110)93-50(21-11-13-31-76)64(105)96-56(38-44(4)5)67(108)95-54(72(113)114)22-12-14-32-77)98-65(106)52(24-16-34-86-74(81)82)91-63(104)51(23-15-33-85-73(79)80)92-66(107)55(37-43(2)3)97-68(109)57(40-46-19-9-8-10-20-46)90-60(102)42-88-59(101)41-89-62(103)49(78)39-47-27-29-48(100)30-28-47/h8-10,19-20,27-30,43-45,49-58,61,100H,7,11-18,21-26,31-42,76-78H2,1-6H3,(H,88,101)(H,89,103)(H,90,102)(H,91,104)(H,92,107)(H,93,110)(H,94,111)(H,95,108)(H,96,105)(H,97,109)(H,98,106)(H,113,114)(H4,79,80,85)(H4,81,82,86)(H4,83,84,87)/t45-,49-,50-,51-,52-,53-,54-,55-,56-,57-,58-,61-/m0/s1
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Chemical Name |
(2S)-6-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-6-amino-2-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-[[(2S,3S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoyl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoyl]amino]-3-methylpentanoyl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]hexanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]hexanoic acid
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Synonyms |
Porcine dynorphin A(1-13); Dynorphin A Porcine Fragment 1-13
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HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O: ≥ 60 mg/mL (~37.4 mM)
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Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: 100 mg/mL (62.35 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with sonication.
 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
1 mM | 0.6235 mL | 3.1173 mL | 6.2346 mL | |
5 mM | 0.1247 mL | 0.6235 mL | 1.2469 mL | |
10 mM | 0.0623 mL | 0.3117 mL | 0.6235 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration: mg/mL;
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution: mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation::Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O,mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
Dynorphin A (1-13) increases intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]I) in spinal cord neurons (A-C). Exp Neurol . 1999 Dec;160(2):361-75. td> |
Brightfield photomicrographs of neurons before (A,C,E,G), and after treatment with dynorphin A (1-13) and opioid or NMDA antagonists (B,D,F,H). Exp Neurol . 1999 Dec;160(2):361-75. td> |
Effects of opioid or NMDA receptor antagonists on dynorphin A (1-13) neurotoxicity (A-D). Exp Neurol . 1999 Dec;160(2):361-75. td> |