Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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1g |
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5g |
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Other Sizes |
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Purity: ≥98%
Targets |
Substrate for cholinesterase
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ln Vitro |
In study pertaining to life sciences, acetylthiocholine diiodide is a biochemical reagent that can be utilized as an organic substance or biological material.Numerous amperometric biosensors have been developed for the fast analysis of neurotoxic insecticides based on inhibition of cholinesterase (AChE). The analytical signal is quantified by the oxidation of the thiocholine that is produced enzymatically by the hydrolysis of the acetylthiocholine pseudosubstrate. The pseudosubstrate is a cation and it is associated with chloride or iodide as corresponding anion to form a salt. The iodide salt is cheaper, but it is electrochemically active and consequently more difficult to use in electrochemical analytical devices. We investigate the possibility of using acetylthiocholine iodide as pseudosubstrate for amperometric detection. Our investigation demonstrates that operational conditions for any amperometric biosensor that use acetylthiocholine iodide must be thoroughly optimized to avoid false analytical signals or a reduced sensitivity. The working overpotential determined for different screen-printed electrodes was: carbon-nanotubes (360 mV), platinum (560 mV), gold (370 mV, based on a catalytic effect of iodide) or cobalt phthalocyanine (110 mV, but with a significant reduced sensitivity in the presence of iodide anions) [1].
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ln Vivo |
CE histochemical staining is a useful technique for distinguishing between motor and sensory nerve fibers. It can be potentially useful in improving the outcomes of nerve grafts or extremity allotransplantation surgery [2].
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Enzyme Assay |
Thiocholine stock solution were daily prepared by the enzymatic hydrolysis of 10 mM acetylthiocholine chloride by 5 IU acetylcholinesterase during 30 min. Potassium iodide stock solutions were prepared daily and protected from light. The phosphate buffer solution (PBS), 0.1 M with pH 7 supplemented with 0.1 M KCl was prepared with Milli-Q ultrapure water (Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA). All the reagents were of analytical grade and purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).
The screen-printed electrodes were produced on a ceramic substrate by DropSens (Oviedo, Spain) and have a circular working electrode (WE) with 4 mm diameter, a crescent shaped auxiliary electrode (AE) around the WE and a Ag/AgCl pseudoreference electrode (RE). We have investigated different WE materials: gold, platinum and carbon inks that are simple or modified with carbon-nanotubes or cobalt phthalocyanine. Biosensors were prepared by carefully spreading on the WE surface 3 μL of a freshly prepared solution containing 0.1% BSA (Albumin from bovine serum fraction V), 0.25% glutaraldehyde and 3 IU/mL AChE from electric eel in PBS.
The cyclic voltammetry (CV) and amperometric measurements were performed with a galvanostat/potentiostat Autolab PGSTAT302N (Metrohm-Autolab, Utrecht, The Netherlands) controlled by a PC with the software Nova 1.8. In amperometry, the electromagnetic noise produced by magnetic stirring was reduced using the filter from the ECD module set to 1 s. The CV were made between −0.4 and 0.8 V at a scan rate of 100 mV/s in PBS. Amperometric measurements were performed at different potentials (depending on the WE material) in magnetically stirred solutions with successive injections of thiocholine or potassium iodide [1].
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Animal Protocol |
The femoral and sciatic nerves were harvested from rats. The specimens were immediately cut, frozen in isopentane, and cooled with liquid nitrogen. Nerve serial cross-sections were processed for hematoxylin and eosin staining, followed by CE histochemistry. The staining protocol solutions included acetylthiocholine iodide, phosphate buffer, cobalt sulfate hydrate, potassium phosphate monobasic, sulfuric acid, sodium bicarbonate, glutaraldehyde, and ammonium sulfide [2].
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References |
[1]. Sensors (Basel). 2013; 13(2): 1603–1613.
[2]. Transplant Proc. 2024 Apr;56(3):712-714. |
Molecular Formula |
C7H16INOS
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Molecular Weight |
289.18
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Exact Mass |
288.9997
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CAS # |
1866-15-5
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Appearance |
White to off-white solid
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tPSA |
42.37
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SMILES |
[I-].S(C(C([H])([H])[H])=O)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[N+](C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H]
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InChi Key |
NTBLZMAMTZXLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-M
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InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C7H16NOS.HI/c1-7(9)10-6-5-8(2,3)4;/h5-6H2,1-4H3;1H/q+1;/p-1
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Chemical Name |
2-acetylsulfanylethyl(trimethyl)azanium;iodide
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HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O: 100 mg/mL (345.81 mM)
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Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80: Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 :Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
1 mM | 3.4581 mL | 17.2903 mL | 34.5805 mL | |
5 mM | 0.6916 mL | 3.4581 mL | 6.9161 mL | |
10 mM | 0.3458 mL | 1.7290 mL | 3.4581 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration: mg/mL;
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution: mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation::Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O,mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.