| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 500mg |
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| Other Sizes |
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Purity: ≥98%
| Targets |
Hydroxyl radical (•OH) scavenger
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|---|---|
| ln Vivo |
In the present study, we examined the protective effect of N,N'-dimethylthiourea (DMTU), a scavenger of hydroxyl radical (·OH), against water-immersion restraint stress (WIRS)-induced gastric mucosal lesions in rats. When male Wistar rats fasted for 24 h were exposed to WIRS for 3 h, gastric mucosal lesions occurred with increases in the levels of gastric mucosal myeloperoxidase (MPO), an index of tissue neutrophil infiltration, pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 1beta), lipid peroxide (LPO), and nitrite/nitrate (NOx), an index of nitric oxide synthesis, and decreases in the levels of gastric mucosal nonprotein SH and vitamin C and gastric adherent mucus. DMTU (1, 2.5, or 5 mmol/kg) administered orally at 0.5 h before the onset of WIRS reduced the severity of gastric mucosal lesions with attenuation of the changes in the levels of gastric mucosal MPO, pro-inflammatory cytokines, LPO, NOx, nonprotein SH, and vitamin C and gastric adherent mucus found at 3 h after the onset of WIRS in a dose-dependent manner. Serum levels of corticosterone and glucose, which are indices of stress responses, increased in rats exposed to WIRS for 3 h, but DMTU pre-administered at any dose had no effect on these increases. These results indicate that DMTU protects against WIRS-induced gastric mucosal lesions in rats by exerting its antioxidant action including ·OH scavenging and its anti-inflammatory action without affecting the stress response [1].
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| Animal Protocol |
Induction and observation of gastric mucosal lesions [1]
Rats aged 7 weeks were starved for 24 h before experiment, but were allowed free access to tap water. Rats were restrained in wire cages and immersed up to the depth of the xiphoid process in a 23 °C water bath to induce WIRS-induced gastric mucosal lesions, as described by Takagi and Okabe 2. Rats with and without WIRS were killed under pentobarbital anesthesia at 3 h after the onset of WIRS. The observation of gastric mucosal lesions was conducted as follows: 10 mL of 0.9% NaCl was infused into the stomachs of rats with and without WIRS through the duodenum after ligation of the esophagus at 5 mm proximal to the gastroesophageal junction and then the duodenum was ligated at 10 mm distal to the pylorus. The stomachs filled with 0.9% NaCl were removed, fixed with 10% formaldehyde for 10 min, and cut open along with the greater curvature. The gastric mucosa was carefully examined for lesions recognized as linear breaks (erosions) at the mucosal surface of the glandular part under a stereoscopic microscope (10×). The extent of the lesion (lesion index) is expressed as the sum of the length of these breaks per stomach.[1] Administration of DMTU[1] DMTU dissolved in 0.9% NaCl was orally administered to WIRS-exposed rats at a volume of 1 mL/100 g body weight (BW), that is, at a dose of 1, 2.5, or 5 mmol/kg BW at 0.5 h before the onset of WIRS. WIRS-exposed and unexposed rats without DMTU administration were orally administered with an equal volume of 0.9% NaCl at the same time point.[1] Oral N,N'-Dimethylthiourea (DMTU; 1, 2.5, or 5 mmol/kg) was given to 6-week-old male Wistar rats 0.5 hours prior to the onset of WIRS. Three hours after the start of WIRS, the drug dose-dependently attenuated changes in gastric mucosal MPO levels, pro-inflammatory cytokines, LPO, NOx, non-protein SH, vitamin C, and gastric mucus [1]. |
| References |
[1]. Yoshiji Ohta, et al. Protective effect of N,N'-dimethylthiourea against stress-induced gastric mucosal lesions in rats. Fundam Clin Pharmacol. 2017 Jun;31(3):319-328.
[2]. Zhongyi Zhang, et al. Analysis of volatile compounds in fermented black garlic by GC-MS. |
| Molecular Formula |
C3H8N2S
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
104.17
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| Exact Mass |
104.040819
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| CAS # |
534-13-4
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid
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| Source |
Allium sativum
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| LogP |
-0.2
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| tPSA |
56.2Ų
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| SMILES |
S=C(N([H])C([H])([H])[H])N([H])C([H])([H])[H]
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| InChi Key |
VLCDUOXHFNUCKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C3H8N2S/c1-4-3(6)5-2/h1-2H3,(H2,4,5,6)
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| Chemical Name |
1,3-dimethylthiourea
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| Synonyms |
N,N'-DIMETHYLTHIOUREA; 1,3-Dimethylthiourea; 1,3-Dimethyl-2-thiourea; Thiourea, N,N'-dimethyl-
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen). |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO: 100 mg/mL (959.97 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (24.00 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (24.00 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (24.00 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 9.5997 mL | 47.9985 mL | 95.9969 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.9199 mL | 9.5997 mL | 19.1994 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.9600 mL | 4.7998 mL | 9.5997 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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