| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1mg |
|
||
| 10mg |
|
||
| 50mg |
|
||
| Other Sizes |
|
Purity: ≥98%
| Targets |
Electron donor for reversed oxidative phosphorylation
|
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In this study, researchers have studied the effects of site-directed mutations in Escherichia coli nitrate reductase A (NarGHI) on heme reduction by a menaquinol analogue (menadiol) using the stopped-flow method. For NarGHIH66Y and NarGHIH187Y, both lacking heme bL but having heme bH, the heme reduction by menadiol is abolished. For NarGHIH56R and NarGHIH205Y, both without heme bH but with heme bL, a smaller and slower heme reduction compared to that of the wild-type enzyme is observed. These results indicate that electrons from menadiol oxidation are transferred initially to heme bL. A transient species, likely to be associated with a semiquinone radical anion, was generated not only on reduction of the wild-type enzyme as observed previously ( 1) but also on reduction of NarGHIH56R and NarGHIH205Y. The inhibitors 2-n-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline-N-oxide and stigmatellin both have significant effects on the reduction kinetics of NarGHIH56R and NarGHIH205Y. We have also investigated the reoxidation of menadiol-reduced heme by nitrate in the mutants. Compared to the wild type, no significant heme reoxidation is observed for NarGHIH56R and NarGHIH205Y. This result indicates that a single mutation removing heme bH blocks the electron-transfer pathway from the subunit NarI to the catalytic dimer NarGH[1].
|
| Enzyme Assay |
To investigate the reoxidation of the menadiol-reduced hemes in NarGHI by nitrate, a sequential mixing method was utilized. In this method, 1 mg mL-1 NarGHI or mutant in 100 mM MOPS and 5 mM EDTA (pH 7.0) was first rapidly mixed with an equal volume of 500 μM menadiol in the same buffer. After being aged for 50 s to allow the complete reduction of the hemes, this mixture was then rapidly mixed with an equal volume of 1 mM nitrate, and the reoxidation process was followed at 560 nm.
In both single and sequential mixing experiments, at least three runs were performed for each time scale and 2000 data points were collected at both wavelengths of 560 and 575 nm (as reference). The raw data were averaged, and the data for the reduction or reoxidation of the hemes were obtained by subtracting the reference data collected at 575 nm from the data obtained at 560 nm. The background absorbance from LCB2048 membranes lacking NarGHI was also subtracted from these data. After subtraction, the data were fitted to an appropriate equation using the software supplied by Applied Photophysics. The absorbance changes observed for the reduction of hemes by menadiol (ΔAbs) were fitted to a double-exponential equation[1].
|
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
mouse LD50 oral 30 mg/kg Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics., 75(111), 1942
mouse LDLo intraperitoneal 400 mg/kg Comptes Rendus des Seances de la Societe de Biologie et de Ses Filiales., 143(585), 1949 mouse LDLo subcutaneous 80 mg/kg BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY); LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics., 71(210), 1941 |
| References |
|
| Additional Infomation |
Menadiol is a naphthalene-1,4-diol having a methyl substituent at the 2-position. It is a member of naphthalenediols, a member of methylnaphthalenes and a naphthohydroquinone. It is functionally related to a naphthalene-1,4-diol.
Menadiol is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). See also: Menadione (annotation moved to). |
| Molecular Formula |
C11H10O2
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
174.20
|
| Exact Mass |
174.068
|
| CAS # |
481-85-6
|
| PubChem CID |
10209
|
| Appearance |
Pale purple to purple solid powder
|
| Density |
1.274g/cm3
|
| Boiling Point |
391.6ºC at 760mmHg
|
| Melting Point |
181℃
|
| Flash Point |
199.5ºC
|
| Vapour Pressure |
1.08E-06mmHg at 25°C
|
| Index of Refraction |
1.697
|
| LogP |
2.559
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
2
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
0
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
13
|
| Complexity |
181
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
|
| InChi Key |
ZJTLZYDQJHKRMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C11H10O2/c1-7-6-10(12)8-4-2-3-5-9(8)11(7)13/h2-6,12-13H,1H3
|
| Chemical Name |
2-methylnaphthalene-1,4-diol
|
| Synonyms |
Menadiol; 481-85-6; 2-Methylnaphthalene-1,4-diol; 2-Methyl-1,4-naphthohydroquinone; Dihydrovitamin K3; Reduced menadione; 2-Methyl-1,4-naphthalenediol; Vitamin K3H2;
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO: 100 mg/mL (574.05 mM)
|
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 5.7405 mL | 28.7026 mL | 57.4053 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.1481 mL | 5.7405 mL | 11.4811 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.5741 mL | 2.8703 mL | 5.7405 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
Products are for research use only; We do not sell to patients
Copyright 2020 InvivoChem LLC | All Rights Reserved
COA