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250mg | ||
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Other Sizes |
ln Vitro |
The increase of NO expression generated by physalin A treatment is greatly suppressed by Carboxy-PTIO (200 μM; 1 h prior to physalin A; 24 hours), whereas Carboxy-PTIO treatment alone shows no change[1]. Physalin A-induced cleavage of procaspase-3 and PARP is lessened by carboxy-PTIO (200 μM; 1 h before; 24 hours), which also downregulates ICAD expression and lessens DNA fragmentation in nuclei[1]. On iNOS expression, carboxy-PTIO (200 μM; 1 h before physalin A; 24 hours) has no effect. Carboxy-PTIO, on the other hand, reverses the lowered mTOR and p-mTOR levels caused by physalin A while also suppressing the conversion of LC3 I to LC3 II in A375-S2 cells[1].
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ln Vivo |
In rats treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), carboxy-PTIO (intravenous injection; 0.056-1.70 mg/kg/min; infused for 1 hr beginning 90 min after the LPS injection 90 min) improves survival rates and hypotension. However, in normal rats, it does not impact every parameter[3].
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Cell Assay |
Cell Viability Assay[1]
Cell Types: A375-S2 cells Tested Concentrations: 200 μM Incubation Duration: 1 h prior to physalin A; 24 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: diminished physalin A-induced procaspase-3 and PARP cleavage. |
Animal Protocol |
Animal/Disease Models: SD rats[3]
Doses: 0.056-1.70 mg/kg/min Route of Administration: intravenous (iv) injection; 0.056-1.70 mg/kg/min; infused for 1 hr beginning 90 min after the LPS injection 90 min Experimental Results: demonstrated a therapeutic potent value in endotoxin shock through the direct scavenging action against NO. |
References |
[1]. Hao He, et al.Nitric oxide induces apoptosis and autophagy; autophagy down-regulates NO synthesis in physalin A-treated A375-S2 human melanoma cells.Food Chem Toxicol. 2014 Sep;71:128-35.
[2]. T Akaike, et al. Antagonistic action of imidazolineoxyl N-oxides against endothelium-derived relaxing factor/.NO through a radical reaction. Biochemistry. 1993 Jan 26;32(3):827-32. [3]. M Yoshid, et al. Therapeutic effects of imidazolineoxyl N-oxide against endotoxin shock through its direct nitric oxide-scavenging activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1994 Jul 29;202(2):923-30. |
Molecular Formula |
C14H17N2O4
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Molecular Weight |
277.30
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CAS # |
145757-47-7
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Related CAS # |
Carboxy-PTIO potassium;148819-94-7
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Appearance |
Typically exists as solids (or liquids in special cases) at room temperature
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SMILES |
OC(C1C=CC(C2N(O)C(C)(C)C(C)(C)N2O)=CC=1)=O
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HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80: Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 :Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
1 mM | 3.6062 mL | 18.0310 mL | 36.0620 mL | |
5 mM | 0.7212 mL | 3.6062 mL | 7.2124 mL | |
10 mM | 0.3606 mL | 1.8031 mL | 3.6062 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration: mg/mL;
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution: mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation::Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O,mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.