Absorption, Distribution and Excretion
Samples of the pork, veal and chicken imported into Italy from other countries were analyzed to ascertain saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbon levels. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis showed overall n-alkane levels to be in the range of 0.3-10.5 ppm. n-Alkanes ranged from C12-C33. Phytenes were found only in bovine tissue. No alkenes were present in any of the samples analyzed. /n-Alkanes/
Nose only inhalation exposure and intratracheal inoculation were described as methods which allow lung only exposures to hazardous materials. For nose only inhalation studies, animals were restrained in stocklike holders or whole body tubes and the nose of each animal protruded into either a chamber or channel where the aerosols were delivered. Over 70% of the material was deposited in the lung of the exposed animals, compared to 13% obtained by traditional exposure methods. There was little external body exposure and therefore little ingestion through preening. Particulate deposition and distribution were quite reproducible, with animal to animal variation of less than 20%. The major disadvantage to the nose only exposure system was that the animals were restrained and not allowed access to food or water during exposure. Results obtained using dotriacontane and catechol were described. For intratracheal inoculation, the material being studied was placed in the lung to allow direct interaction with lung cells. A blunt needle was carefully inserted down the throat of the animal, past the tracheal rings to the bifurcation of the lung where the material was injected. The technique was similar for rats, mice, and hamsters. The procedure was fairly simple and rapid, allowing injection of many animals per day. A wide range of treatment doses could be given and repeated over long periods of time; the chemicals bypassed the upper respiratory tract. The disadvantages to the method included the fact that this was not a normal route of exposure, anesthesia was required, the particle size delivered to the lung may not be uniform, and special care was needed to insure that animals survived the procedure.

[1].The marine diatom Chaetoceros simplex calcitrans Paulsen and its environment. Effects of light and ultraviolet irradiation on the biosynthesis of fatty acids[J]. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Seances de L'academie des sciences. Serie D: Sciences Naturelles, 1976, 282(2): 239-242.

Dotriacontane is a long-chain alkane.
Dotriacontane has been reported in Vanilla madagascariensis, Echinacea angustifolia, and other organisms with data available.
See also: Eupatorium perfoliatum whole (part of).

C32H66

450.87

450.516

544-85-4

11008

White to light yellow solid powder

0.8±0.1 g/cm3

466.7±8.0 °C at 760 mmHg

65-70 °C(lit.)

323.9±8.0 °C

0.0±0.5 mmHg at 25°C

1.452

17.76

0

0

29

32

264

0

C([H])([H])(C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H]

QHMGJGNTMQDRQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI=1S/C32H66/c1-3-5-7-9-11-13-15-17-19-21-23-25-27-29-31-32-30-28-26-24-22-20-18-16-14-12-10-8-6-4-2/h3-32H2,1-2H3

dotriacontane

2934.99.9001

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage.

Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Typically soluble in DMSO (e.g. 10 mM)

Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.

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Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)
*Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution.
Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil)
Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals).

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Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)]
*Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution.
Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline
Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil)
Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline)

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Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium)
Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals).

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Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400
Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders

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Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently.

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 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)