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Rhodamine 123 (RH-123; R-22420)

Alias: Rhodamine 123 R 22420 R 302 RH 123.
Cat No.:V6079 Purity: ≥98%
Rhodamine dyes are membrane-permeable/penetrable cationic fluorescent probes that can specifically identify mitochondrial membrane potential, thereby attaching to mitochondria and producing bright fluorescence.
Rhodamine 123 (RH-123; R-22420)
Rhodamine 123 (RH-123; R-22420) Chemical Structure CAS No.: 62669-70-9
Product category: ATPase
This product is for research use only, not for human use. We do not sell to patients.
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Purity & Quality Control Documentation

Purity: ≥98%

Product Description
Rhodamine dyes are membrane-permeable/penetrable cationic fluorescent probes that can specifically identify mitochondrial membrane potential, thereby attaching to mitochondria and producing bright fluorescence. At a certain concentration, rhodamine dyes have low toxicity to cells. Toxicity, so it is widely used to detect mitochondria in animal cells, plant cells, and microorganisms.
Biological Activity I Assay Protocols (From Reference)
ln Vitro
The rhodamine 123 working solution is prepared. 1.1 Making the stock solution Take 1 milligram of rhodamine 123 and dissolve it in 525 μL DMSO to make a 5 mM stock solution. 1.2 Making the working solution for rhodamine 123 To create a working solution ranging from 1 to 20 μM, utilize serum-free cell culture medium or PBS stock solution. Note: The concentration of the Rhodamine 123 working solution should be adjusted based on the specific circumstances. 2. The staining of cells In a 6-well plate, 2.1 suspended cells a. Discard the supernatant after centrifuging at 1000 g for three to five minutes at 4°C. c. After adding 1 mL of the working solution, observe for one to three hours. c. Centrifuge at 400 g for three to four minutes at 4 °C; remove supernatant. d. Wash twice, for five minutes each time. One x 10^6 cells per milliliter. Wash for five minutes each time, twice, using PBS. e. Re-suspend cells in PBS or serum-free culture medium. either flow cytometry monitoring or fluorescence microscopy. 2.2 Adherent cells Adherent cells should be cultured on sterile glass slides (a). a. Take off the coverslip from the culture medium and use an aspirator to remove any extra. c. Add 100 μL working solution, give the cells a gentle shake to cover them fully, and leave them in place for 30 to 60 minutes. d. Use medium and wash twice in about five minutes. either flow cytometry monitoring or fluorescence microscopy. Note: Prior to staining, the cells must be resuspended if flow cytometry is being employed for detection.
References

[1]. Emaus, R. K., Grunwald, R., & Lemasters, J. J. (1986). Rhodamine 123 as a probe of transmembrane potential in isolated rat-liver mitochondria: spectral and metabolic properties. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics, 850(3), 436–448.

[2]. Mitochondrial Inner Membrane Electrophysiology Assessed by Rhodamine-123 Transport and Fluorescence. Ann Biomed Eng. 2007 Jul; 35(7): 1276–1285.

Additional Infomation
A fluorescent probe with low toxicity which is a potent substrate for ATP BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER, SUBFAMILY B, MEMBER 1 and the bacterial multidrug efflux transporter. It is used to assess mitochondrial bioenergetics in living cells and to measure the efflux activity of ATP BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER, SUBFAMILY B, MEMBER 1 in both normal and malignant cells. (Leukemia 1997;11(7):1124-30)
These protocols are for reference only. InvivoChem does not independently validate these methods.
Physicochemical Properties
Exact Mass
380.092
CAS #
62669-70-9
PubChem CID
9929799
Appearance
Pink to red solid powder
Melting Point
235 °C
LogP
5.535
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count
3
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count
5
Rotatable Bond Count
3
Heavy Atom Count
27
Complexity
706
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
SMILES
O1C2=C([H])/C(/C([H])=C([H])C2=C(C2=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C2C(=O)OC([H])([H])[H])C2C([H])=C([H])C(=C([H])C1=2)N([H])[H])=N/[H]
InChi Key
TUFFYSFVSYUHPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C21H17N2O3.ClH/c1-25-21(24)15-5-3-2-4-14(15)20-16-8-6-12(22)10-18(16)26-19-11-13(23)7-9-17(19)20/h2-11H,22-23H2,1H31H/q+1/p-1
Chemical Name
Xanthylium, 3,6-diamino-9-(2-(methoxycarbonyl)phenyl)-, chloride
Synonyms
Rhodamine 123 R 22420 R 302 RH 123.
HS Tariff Code
2934.99.9001
Storage

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light.
Shipping Condition
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
Solubility Data
Solubility (In Vitro)
DMSO : ~62.5 mg/mL (~164.12 mM)
Solubility (In Vivo)
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.

Injection Formulations
(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC)
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80: Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution 50 μL Tween 80 850 μL Saline)
*Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution.
Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO 400 μLPEG300 50 μL Tween 80 450 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO 900 μL Corn oil)
Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals).
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Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)]
*Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C,1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution.
Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin 500 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO 100 μLPEG300 200 μL castor oil 650 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10: 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol 100 μL Cremophor 800 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline
Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH 900 μL Corn oil)
Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH 400 μLPEG300 50 μL Tween 80 450 μL Saline)


Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium)
Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals).
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Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400
Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders


Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently.

 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)
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What is the mass of compound required to make a 10 mM stock solution in 5 ml of DMSO given that the molecular weight of the compound is 350.26 g/mol?
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What volume of a given 10 mM stock solution is required to make 25 ml of a 25 μM solution?
Using the equation C1V1 = C2V2, where C1=10 mM, C2=25 μM, V2=25 ml and V1 is the unknown:
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Note: Chemical formula is case sensitive: C12H18N3O4  c12h18n3o4
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Definitions of molecular mass, molecular weight, molar mass and molar weight:
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In vivo Formulation Calculator (Clear solution)
Step 1: Enter information below (Recommended: An additional animal to make allowance for loss during the experiment)
Step 2: Enter in vivo formulation (This is only a calculator, not the exact formulation for a specific product. Please contact us first if there is no in vivo formulation in the solubility section.)
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Calculation results

Working concentration mg/mL;

Method for preparing DMSO stock solution mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.

Method for preparing in vivo formulation:Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O,mix and clarify.

(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
             (2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.

Clinical Trial Information
NCT Number Recruitment interventions Conditions Sponsor/Collaborators Start Date Phases
NCT00972205 COMPLETEDWITH RESULTS Drug: paclitaxel
Drug: CBT-1(Registered Trademark)
Radiation: Tc 99m sestamibi
Breast
Cervical
Lung
Ovarian
Renal
National Cancer Institute (NCI) 2007-12 Not Applicable
NCT05206058 COMPLETED Procedure: venipuncture Neutrophil
Phyllanthus Abnormis Poisoning
Chang Gung Memorial Hospital 2022-01-01
Biological Data
  • Relationship between fluorescence and concentration of R123 in aqueous solution. Normalized fluorescence intensity is plotted against R123 concentration in the absence of mitochondria. Open circles correspond to data collected using a 10 × 10 mm cuvette, with mean excitation and emission path lengths of dex = 5 mm and dem = 5 mm; squares correspond to data collected using a 4 × 10 mm cuvette, with mean excitation and emission path lengths of dex = 2 mm and dem = 5 mm. Solid curves represent fits to Eqs. (1)–(3), which correct for the observed inner filter effect. The curve indicated for d = 0 is the prediction of Equation (3), with parameter values k0 = 8.15 × 104 M−1, k1 = 5.16 × 104 M−1, k2 = 1.01 × 106 M−2, and k3 = 3.909 × 1012 M−3. Aqueous solution is identical to that used for mitochondrial respiration buffer with the exception that R123 concentration is varied.[2]. M. Huang, et al. Mitochondrial Inner Membrane Electrophysiology Assessed by Rhodamine-123 Transport and Fluorescence. Ann Biomed Eng. 2007 Jul; 35(7): 1276–1285
  • Comparison of model-predicted and experimentally measured fluorescence time courses for state-2, -3, and -4 respiration. (A) Fluorescence measurement on suspensions of isolated mitochondria (gray circles) overlaid with model prediction (solid black line). Mitochondria isolated from guinea pig heart (described in Methods) were added at time 0 to the cuvette containing respiration buffer with R123 and pyruvate substrate. Accumulation and self-quenching of dye inside the matrix and quenching of membrane-bound dye cause a drop of fluorescence signal of over 50%. Addition of ADP results in transient and reversible activation of respiration as well as transient depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential. CCCP was added at the end of the experiment to collapse the membrane potential as a positive control for ΔΨ = 0.[2]. M. Huang, et al. Mitochondrial Inner Membrane Electrophysiology Assessed by Rhodamine-123 Transport and Fluorescence. Ann Biomed Eng. 2007 Jul; 35(7): 1276–1285
  • Predicted steady-state R123 fluorescence intensity versus ΔΨ. (A) Predicted fluorescence signal as a function of ΔΨ at total dye concentrations of [R123]o = 0.05, 0.50, and 25 μM at the mitochondrial concentration of 0.5 mg protein mL−1. Data points represented by circles are extracted from Ref. 13. (B) The predicted sensitivity ∣∣ΔΨI∂I∂ΔΨ∣∣ of the fluorescence measurement of membrane potential evaluated at ΔΨ = 180 mV is plotted as a function of the [R123]o The sensitivity curves are plotted for three different values of mitochondrial concentration, as indicated in the figure. Model predictions for (A) and (B) are obtained for α = 4.49, and β = 0.33.[2]. M. Huang, et al. Mitochondrial Inner Membrane Electrophysiology Assessed by Rhodamine-123 Transport and Fluorescence. Ann Biomed Eng. 2007 Jul; 35(7): 1276–1285
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