| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 500mg |
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| 10g |
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| 50g |
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| Other Sizes |
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Purity: ≥98%
| Targets |
COX-2; Autophagy; Mitophagy; Apoptosis
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
At far lower concentrations than those necessary to prevent NF-κB activation (20 mg/mL), salicylic acid has strong COX-2 activating properties. After a 24-hour period, interleukin E2 can be stimulated by salicylic acid and leukocyte hormone 1β, with an IC50 value of 5 μg/mL. NF-κB activation, COX-2 modulation, or translation are unrelated to this effect. By contrast, when exogenous arachidonic acid is raised to 30 μM, salicylic acid becomes a relatively poor COX-2 inhibitor. Activity inhibition: >100 μg/mL for the IC50. Salicylic acid inhibited PGE2 release in a concentration-dependent manner when combined with IL-1β for a full day; an IC50 value of roughly 5 μg/mL was observed. We evaluated salicylic acid's capacity to directly suppress COX-2 activity in A549 cells by exposing the cells for 30 minutes and then adding varying doses of exogenous arachidonic acid (1, 10, and 30 μM). either in the presence of 1 or 10 μM exogenous substrate, or in the absence of additional arachidonic acid. Here, COX-2 activity was inhibited by salicylic acid in a concentration-dependent manner; an IC50 value of roughly 5 μg/mL was reported. Salicylic acid, on the other hand, was an inefficient COX-2 reactive dye when the same experiment was run with 30 μM arachidonic acid; apparent IC50 values exceeded 100 μg/mL, and maximum inhibition was less than 50% [1].
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| ln Vivo |
Salicylic acid tended to lower postprandial and fasting blood glucose levels in C57Bl/6 DIO samples. Additionally, there was a trend toward decreased blood glucose levels following salicylic acid treatment in C57Bl/6 DIO samples (P=0.059). In the omental adipose tissue of C57Bl/6 DIO mice, salicylic acid significantly decreased 11β-HSD1 mRNA, and there was a similar tendency in the mesenteric fat (P=0.057). Salicylic treatment also decreased the activity of the 11β-HSD1 enzyme in the omental fat of C57Bl/6 DIO mice [2].
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| Enzyme Assay |
Human purified COX-2 are and the cofactors Glutathione (5 mM), Adrenaline (5 mM), and Hematin (1 μM) are dissolved in 50 mM Tris buffer (pH 7.5). Hematin is first dissolved in a concentrated stock of 100 mM in 1 M NaOH before being further diluted in Tris buffer. Enzyme reactions are carried out in individual wells of 96-well plates with a final reaction volume of 200 μL. Different concentrations of Salicylic acid are added to the plate, followed by the addition of 10 units of enzyme (180 μL). The plates are incubated at 37° for 30 min before Arachidonic acid (10 nM to 30 μM) is added for a further 15 min. The reaction is stopped by heating the plate to 100°C for 5 min. The 96-well plate is then centrifuged at 10,000× g for 10 min, and appropriated samples are removed and added into the radioimmunoassay[1].
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| Cell Assay |
To assess the direct effect of Salicylic acid on COX-2 activity after induction has occurred, A549 cells are first treated with IL-1β for 24 hr, and the culture medium is replaced with DMEM containing different concentrations of Salicylic acid(10, 100 and 1000 μg/mL). Cells are incubated at 37°C for 30 min. Arachidonic acid (1-30 μM) is then added for 15 min, and the medium is removed for the measurement of PGE2[1].
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| Animal Protocol |
Adult male C57Bl/6 mice are at age 12 weeks. Diet-induced obese C57Bl/6 mice (C57Bl/6 DIO) are given 10 weeks of high-fat diet (58% fat, 12% sucrose) before treatment. Salicylic acid (120 mg/kg/day) is administered from 1 week after arriving (C57Bl/6 Lean), after 10 weeks of high-fat feeding (C57Bl/6 DIO), or after achieving target weight (HSD1KO-DIO) for 4 weeks to groups of n=8 via osmotic minipumps implant subcutaneously between the scapulae. [2]
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| References |
[1]. Mitchell JA, et al. Sodium salicylate inhibits cyclo-oxygenase-2 activity independently of transcription factor (nuclear factor kappaB) activation: role of arachidonic acid. Mol Pharmacol. 1997 Jun;51(6):907-12.
[2]. Nixon M, et al. Salicylate downregulates 11β-HSD1 expression in adipose tissue in obese mice and in humans, mediating insulin sensitization. Diabetes. 2012 Apr;61(4):790-6 |
| Molecular Formula |
C7H6O3
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
138.12
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| Exact Mass |
138.0317
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| CAS # |
69-72-7
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| Related CAS # |
Sodium Salicylate;54-21-7;Salicylic acid-d6;285979-87-5;Salicylic acid-13C6;1189678-81-6
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| Appearance |
Off-white to light brown solid
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| LogP |
2.06
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| tPSA |
57.53
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| SMILES |
O=C(O)C1=CC=CC=C1O
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| InChi Key |
YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| Chemical Name |
Benzoic acid, 2-hydroxy-
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| Synonyms |
NSC-180; NSC180; NSC 180; Salicylic acid; 2-hydroxybenzoic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2918211000
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ≥ 50 mg/mL (~362.00 mM)
H2O : ~1 mg/mL (~7.24 mM) |
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (18.10 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: 2.5 mg/mL (18.10 mM) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with ultrasonication. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: 2.5 mg/mL (18.10 mM) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with ultrasonication. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 7.2401 mL | 36.2004 mL | 72.4008 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.4480 mL | 7.2401 mL | 14.4802 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.7240 mL | 3.6200 mL | 7.2401 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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