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Semapimod tetrahydrochloride

Alias: Semapimod HCl; CNI-1493; CNI1493; CNI1493; AXD-455; AXD455; AXD 455; AIDS121302; AIDS-121302
Cat No.:V14615 Purity: ≥98%
Semapimod 4HCl, thetetrahydrochloride salt ofSemapimod mesylate (AXD 455; AIDS-121302;CNI-1493), is a novel and potentcytokine inhibitor that inhibits the production of proinflammatory cytokines such asTNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6.
Semapimod tetrahydrochloride
Semapimod tetrahydrochloride Chemical Structure CAS No.: 164301-51-3
Product category: TNFa
This product is for research use only, not for human use. We do not sell to patients.
Size Price Stock Qty
5mg
10mg
25mg
50mg
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Other Sizes

Other Forms of Semapimod tetrahydrochloride:

  • Semapimod (CNI-1493 free base; CPSI-2364)
Official Supplier of:
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Top Publications Citing lnvivochem Products
Product Description

Semapimod 4HCl, a novel and potent cytokine inhibitor, is the tetrahydrochloride salt of Semapimod mesylate (AXD 455; AIDS-121302; CNI-1493), which prevents the production of proinflammatory cytokines like TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. In addition, it prevents macrophages from producing nitric oxide and inhibits TLR4 signaling (IC50≈0.3 μM). Semapimod, an experimental new drug, has anti-inflammatory, anti-cytokine, immunomodulatory, antiviral, and antimalarial properties. Semapimod, a potential treatment for Crohn's disease and other inflammatory conditions, is a synthetic form of the mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor guanylhydrazone.

Biological Activity I Assay Protocols (From Reference)
Targets
IL-1β; IL-6; p38 MAPK
ln Vitro
Semapimod tetrahydrochloride (CNI-1493) significantly reduces neutrophil infiltration, p38-MAPK phosphorylation in macrophages, interleukin-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 proinflammatory gene expression. Nitric oxide synthesis in the tunica muscularis was completely eliminated by semapimod tetrahydrochloride. Through its impact on the TLR chaperone gp96, semapimod tetrahydrochloride desensitizes TLR signaling. The ATP-binding and ATPase activities of gp96 are inhibited in vitro by semapimod tetrahydrochloride (IC50≈0.2-0.4 μM). Through its impact on the TLR chaperone gp96, semapimod tetrahydrochloride desensitizes TLR signaling.
ln Vivo
In obese Zucker (OZ) rats, semapimod tetrahydrochloride (CNI-1493) (5 mg/kg; i.p.; daily for 2 weeks) improves endothelial dysfunction. In OZ rats, semapimod tetrahydrochloride reverses the effects of AM on akt phosphorylation and cGMP synthesis.
References

[1]. Blockade of endogenous proinflammatory cytokines ameliorates endothelial dysfunction in obese Zucker rats. Hypertens Res. 2008;31(4):737‐743.

[2]. Inhibition of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway as prophylaxis of postoperative ileus in mice. Gastroenterology. 2009;136(2):619‐629.

[3]. Experimental Anti-Inflammatory Drug Semapimod Inhibits TLR Signaling by Targeting the TLR Chaperone gp96. J Immunol. 2016;196(12):5130‐5137.

[4]. Semapimod sensitizes glioblastoma tumors to ionizing radiation by targeting microglia. PLoS One. 2014 May 9;9(5):e95885.

Additional Infomation
See also: Semapimod (annotation moved to).
These protocols are for reference only. InvivoChem does not independently validate these methods.
Physicochemical Properties
Molecular Formula
C34H52N18O2
Molecular Weight
744.9
Exact Mass
888.359
Elemental Analysis
C, 54.82; H, 7.04; N, 33.85; O, 4.30
CAS #
164301-51-3
Related CAS #
Semapimod;352513-83-8
PubChem CID
9554199
Appearance
white solid powder
Boiling Point
1025.8ºC at 760mmHg
Flash Point
574.2ºC
Vapour Pressure
0mmHg at 25°C
LogP
11.483
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count
14
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count
10
Rotatable Bond Count
19
Heavy Atom Count
58
Complexity
1290
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
SMILES
C/C(/C1=CC(/C(/C)=N/NC(N)=N)=CC(NC(CCCCCCCCC(NC2=CC(/C(/C)=N\NC(N)=N)=CC(/C(/C)=N/NC(N)=N)=C2)=O)=O)=C1)=N/NC(N)=N.Cl.Cl.Cl.Cl
InChi Key
MAHASPGBAIQZLY-RTQZJKMDSA-N
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C34H52N18O2.4ClH/c1-19(45-49-31(35)36)23-13-24(20(2)46-50-32(37)38)16-27(15-23)43-29(53)11-9-7-5-6-8-10-12-30(54)44-28-17-25(21(3)47-51-33(39)40)14-26(18-28)22(4)48-52-34(41)42;;;;/h13-18H,5-12H2,1-4H3,(H,43,53)(H,44,54)(H4,35,36,49)(H4,37,38,50)(H4,39,40,51)(H4,41,42,52);4*1H/b45-19+,46-20+,47-21+,48-22+;;;;
Chemical Name
N,N'-bis[3,5-bis[(E)-N-(diaminomethylideneamino)-C-methylcarbonimidoyl]phenyl]decanediamide;tetrahydrochloride
Synonyms
Semapimod HCl; CNI-1493; CNI1493; CNI1493; AXD-455; AXD455; AXD 455; AIDS121302; AIDS-121302
HS Tariff Code
2934.99.9001
Storage

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light.
Shipping Condition
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
Solubility Data
Solubility (In Vitro)
H2O: ~2.17 mg/mL (~2.4 mM)
Solubility (In Vivo)
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.

Injection Formulations
(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC)
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80: Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution 50 μL Tween 80 850 μL Saline)
*Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution.
Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO 400 μLPEG300 50 μL Tween 80 450 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO 900 μL Corn oil)
Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals).
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Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)]
*Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C,1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution.
Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin 500 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO 100 μLPEG300 200 μL castor oil 650 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10: 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol 100 μL Cremophor 800 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline
Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH 900 μL Corn oil)
Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH 400 μLPEG300 50 μL Tween 80 450 μL Saline)


Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium)
Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals).
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Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400
Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders


Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently.

 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)
Preparing Stock Solutions 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 1.3425 mL 6.7123 mL 13.4246 mL
5 mM 0.2685 mL 1.3425 mL 2.6849 mL
10 mM 0.1342 mL 0.6712 mL 1.3425 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.

Calculator

Molarity Calculator allows you to calculate the mass, volume, and/or concentration required for a solution, as detailed below:

  • Calculate the Mass of a compound required to prepare a solution of known volume and concentration
  • Calculate the Volume of solution required to dissolve a compound of known mass to a desired concentration
  • Calculate the Concentration of a solution resulting from a known mass of compound in a specific volume
An example of molarity calculation using the molarity calculator is shown below:
What is the mass of compound required to make a 10 mM stock solution in 5 ml of DMSO given that the molecular weight of the compound is 350.26 g/mol?
  • Enter 350.26 in the Molecular Weight (MW) box
  • Enter 10 in the Concentration box and choose the correct unit (mM)
  • Enter 5 in the Volume box and choose the correct unit (mL)
  • Click the “Calculate” button
  • The answer of 17.513 mg appears in the Mass box. In a similar way, you may calculate the volume and concentration.

Dilution Calculator allows you to calculate how to dilute a stock solution of known concentrations. For example, you may Enter C1, C2 & V2 to calculate V1, as detailed below:

What volume of a given 10 mM stock solution is required to make 25 ml of a 25 μM solution?
Using the equation C1V1 = C2V2, where C1=10 mM, C2=25 μM, V2=25 ml and V1 is the unknown:
  • Enter 10 into the Concentration (Start) box and choose the correct unit (mM)
  • Enter 25 into the Concentration (End) box and select the correct unit (mM)
  • Enter 25 into the Volume (End) box and choose the correct unit (mL)
  • Click the “Calculate” button
  • The answer of 62.5 μL (0.1 ml) appears in the Volume (Start) box
g/mol

Molecular Weight Calculator allows you to calculate the molar mass and elemental composition of a compound, as detailed below:

Note: Chemical formula is case sensitive: C12H18N3O4  c12h18n3o4
Instructions to calculate molar mass (molecular weight) of a chemical compound:
  • To calculate molar mass of a chemical compound, please enter the chemical/molecular formula and click the “Calculate’ button.
Definitions of molecular mass, molecular weight, molar mass and molar weight:
  • Molecular mass (or molecular weight) is the mass of one molecule of a substance and is expressed in the unified atomic mass units (u). (1 u is equal to 1/12 the mass of one atom of carbon-12)
  • Molar mass (molar weight) is the mass of one mole of a substance and is expressed in g/mol.
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Reconstitution Calculator allows you to calculate the volume of solvent required to reconstitute your vial.

  • Enter the mass of the reagent and the desired reconstitution concentration as well as the correct units
  • Click the “Calculate” button
  • The answer appears in the Volume (to add to vial) box
In vivo Formulation Calculator (Clear solution)
Step 1: Enter information below (Recommended: An additional animal to make allowance for loss during the experiment)
Step 2: Enter in vivo formulation (This is only a calculator, not the exact formulation for a specific product. Please contact us first if there is no in vivo formulation in the solubility section.)
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Calculation results

Working concentration mg/mL;

Method for preparing DMSO stock solution mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.

Method for preparing in vivo formulation:Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O,mix and clarify.

(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
             (2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.

Biological Data
  • Measurement of jejunal circular smooth muscle contractility. Spontaneous and bethanechol-induced muscle contractility from controls and placebo or semapimod i.v.–treated IM mice. Gastroenterology . 2009 Feb;136(2):619-29.
  • Effect of semapimod on GIT (A–D) and colonic transit (E). GIT was measured as the percent of nonabsorbable fluorescein-labeled dextran in 15 gastrointestinal segments—stomach (Sto), small intestine (SI 1–9), cecum (Cec), and colon (Co)—90 minutes after oral ingestion. Gastroenterology . 2009 Feb;136(2):619-29.
  • Effect of semapimod on intestinal wound healing. Gastroenterology . 2009 Feb;136(2):619-29.
  • Effects of Semapimod on proinflammatory responses in IEC-6 cells. J Immunol . 2016 Jun 15;196(12):5130-7.
  • Semapimod blocks activation of NF-κB by a group of TLR ligands. J Immunol . 2016 Jun 15;196(12):5130-7.
  • Semapimod desensitizes responses to LPS. J Immunol . 2016 Jun 15;196(12):5130-7.
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