| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| Other Sizes |
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Purity: =98.81%
| Targets |
Natural product
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
Experimental results showed that compounds 1 (solasonine), 2 (β1-solasonine), 3 (solamargine) and 6 (solanigroside P) have cytotoxicity to MGC-803 cells. Compounds with three sugar units and a-l-rhamnopyranose at C-2 or a hydroxyl group on the steroidal backbone may be potential candidates for the treatment of gastric cancer. The mechanism of action may be related to the decrease of mutation p53, the increase of the ratio of Bax to Bcl-2 and the activation of caspase-3 to induce apoptosis [1].
The results revealed the effects of solasonine on glutathione metabolism, including glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and glutathione synthetase (GSS). The glutathione-dependent lipid hydroperoxidase GPX4 prevents ferroptosis by converting lipid hydroperoxides into non-toxic lipid alcohols. Ferroptosis has previously been implicated in the cell death that underlies several degenerative conditions, and induction of ferroptosis by the inhibition of GPX4 has emerged as a therapeutic strategy to trigger cancer cell death. Solasonine increased lipid ROS levels in HepG2 cells by suppression of GPX4 and GSS. However, the use of a ferroptosis inhibitor reversed solasonine-induced ROS production and cell apoptosis. Taken together, these results demonstrate that solasonine promotes ferroptosis of HCC cells via GPX4-induced destruction of the glutathione redox system [2]. |
| ln Vivo |
A mouse xenograft model of HepG2 tumor formation confirmed that solasonine suppressed tumor volume and weight, and inhibited HCC cell migration and invasion, as determined with the Transwell and scratch wound assays [2].
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| Enzyme Assay |
To detect the extent of oxidative stress to HepG2 cells, ROS production was assessed using an ROS Assay Kit. After treatment with 15 μg/mL of solasonine alone or with deferoxamine (100 μM) or ferrostatin-1 (1 μM) for 24 h, HepG2 cells were incubated with a fluorescent probe (dichlorofluorescein diacetate) for 1 h at room temperature. Fluorescence was assessed under a FluoView FV1000 Laser Scanning Confocal Microscope equipped with a digital camera [2].
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| Cell Assay |
The effects of solasonine were tested using the HCC cell lines HepG2 and HepRG. Metabolomics analysis was conducted to assess the effects of solasonine on tumor growth of nude mice xenografts using HepG2 cells. The data demonstrated that solasonine significantly suppressed proliferation of HepG2 and HepRG cells [2].
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| Animal Protocol |
BALB/c nude mice (n = 10) were housed under standard conditions in accordance with approved protocols. Following acclimation, the right flank of each experimental mouse was subcutaneously injected with HepG2 cells (2 × 106) suspended in PBS (200 μL) and then randomly assigned to: (i) the control group and received no further treatment or (ii) the intervention group and received solasonine (50 mg/kg body weight) in an equal volume of PBS. Tumor volumes were measured every 5 days. After 30 days, the mice were sacrificed and the tumors were resected, weighed, and processed for histological analysis. We measured tumor sizes every five days with a vernier caliper and calculated the volume as V = 0.5 × length × width2.[2]
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Solasonine is an azaspiro compound, an oxaspiro compound and a steroid.
Solasonine has been reported in Solanum carolinense, Solanum violaceum, and other organisms with data available. |
| Molecular Formula |
C45H73NO16
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
884.07
|
| Exact Mass |
883.492
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| Elemental Analysis |
C, 61.14; H, 8.32; N, 1.58; O, 28.96
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| CAS # |
19121-58-5
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| PubChem CID |
119247
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid
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| Density |
1.4±0.1 g/cm3
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| Melting Point |
301-303℃
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| Index of Refraction |
1.628
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| Source |
Solanum melongena
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| LogP |
4.35
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
10
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
17
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
8
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| Heavy Atom Count |
62
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| Complexity |
1630
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
26
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| SMILES |
O1[C@]2(C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])N2[H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])[C@]2([H])[C@]1([H])C([H])([H])[C@@]1([H])[C@]3([H])C([H])([H])C([H])=C4C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[C@]4(C([H])([H])[H])[C@]3([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[C@@]12C([H])([H])[H])OC1([H])C([H])(C([H])(C([H])(C([H])(C([H])([H])O[H])O1)O[H])OC1([H])C([H])(C([H])(C([H])(C([H])(C([H])([H])O[H])O1)O[H])O[H])O[H])OC1([H])C([H])(C([H])(C([H])(C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])O1)O[H])O[H])O[H]
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| InChi Key |
QCTMYNGDIBTNSK-XEAAVONHSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C45H73NO16/c1-19-8-13-45(46-16-19)20(2)30-27(62-45)15-26-24-7-6-22-14-23(9-11-43(22,4)25(24)10-12-44(26,30)5)57-42-39(61-40-36(54)34(52)31(49)21(3)56-40)38(33(51)29(18-48)59-42)60-41-37(55)35(53)32(50)28(17-47)58-41/h6,19-21,23-42,46-55H,7-18H2,1-5H3/t19-,20+,21+,23+,24-,25+,26+,27+,28-,29-,30+,31+,32-,33+,34-,35+,36-,37-,38+,39-,40+,41+,42-,43+,44+,45-/m1/s1
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| Chemical Name |
beta-D-Galactopyranoside, (3beta,22alpha,25R)-spirosol-5-en-3-yl O-6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl-(1-2)-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-3))- (9CI)
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| Synonyms |
NSC82149 NSC 82149 Solasonine
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.03.00
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~113.11 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (2.83 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (2.83 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (2.83 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.1311 mL | 5.6557 mL | 11.3113 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.2262 mL | 1.1311 mL | 2.2623 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1131 mL | 0.5656 mL | 1.1311 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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