| Size | Price | |
|---|---|---|
| 500mg | ||
| 1g | ||
| Other Sizes |
| ln Vitro |
Human bronchial and pulmonary arteries are relaxed when theophylline (1,3-dimethylxanthine) monohydrate (1-1000 µM) inhibits PDE-induced cAMP hydrolysis in bronchial tissue homogenates [1]. By decreasing the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, theophylline (1,3-dimethylxanthine) monohydrate (10 µg/mL; 24 hours; eosinophils) promotes apoptosis [2]. Methods to lower IL-6 levels: Theophylline (1,3-dimethylxanthine) monohydrate (0-500 µM; 2 hours; A549 cells) inhibits I-κBα degradation and NF-κB activation in a concentration-dependent manner. Histone deacetylase activity is induced by theophylline (1,3-dimethylxanthine) monohydrate (0-1000 µM; 30 min; A549 cells), which lowers the expression of inflammatory genes [4].
|
|---|---|
| ln Vivo |
In male Swiss mice, theophylline (1,3-dimethylxanthine) (100 mg/kg; i.p.; daily for 9 days) shows anti-inflammatory effect by raising IL-6 and IL-10 levels and suppressing NO and TNF-α [1].
|
| Cell Assay |
Western Blot Analysis [3]
Cell Types: A549 Cell Tested Concentrations: 0, 20, 100 and 500 µM Incubation Duration: 2 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: diminished NF-κB p65 expression and I-κBα degradation in a concentration-dependent manner. Western Blot Analysis[2] Cell Types: Eosinophils Tested Concentrations: 10 µg/mL Incubation Duration: 24 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: diminished Bcl-2 expression. |
| Animal Protocol |
Animal/Disease Models: Male Swiss mice [1]
Doses: 100 mg/kg Route of Administration: intraperitoneal (ip) injection; one time/day for 9 days Experimental Results: Increased IL-6 and IL-10 levels and inhibited TNF-α and NO. |
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Effects During Pregnancy and Lactation
◉ Summary of Use during Lactation Expert opinion considers use of theophylline to be acceptable during breastfeeding. Maternal theophylline use may occasionally cause stimulation and irritability and fretful sleep in infants. Newborn and especially preterm infants are most likely to be affected because of their slow elimination and low serum protein binding of theophylline. There is no need to avoid theophylline products; however, keep maternal serum concentrations in the lower part of the therapeutic range and monitor the infant for signs of theophylline side effects. Infant serum theophylline concentrations can help to determine if signs of agitation are due to theophylline. Avoiding breastfeeding for 2 hours after intravenous or 4 hours after an immediate-release oral theophylline product can decrease the dose received by the breastfed infant. When theophylline is given as an oral sustained-release product, timing of nursing with respect to the dose is of little or no benefit. ◉ Effects in Breastfed Infants Irritability and fretful sleeping occurred in a 3-day-old breastfed infant on days of maternal aminophylline intake of 200 mg every 6 hours. These effects ceased with discontinuation and recurred on rechallenge over the next 9 months. These effects were probably caused by theophylline in breastmilk. Another five infants reported in this paper showed no adverse reactions after maternal theophylline ingestion. Accumulation of theophylline in infant serum appears most likely in neonates and premature infants because they eliminate theophylline slowly. ◉ Effects on Lactation and Breastmilk Relevant published information was not found as of the revision date. |
| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
A methyl xanthine derivative from tea with diuretic, smooth muscle relaxant, bronchial dilation, cardiac and central nervous system stimulant activities. Theophylline inhibits the 3',5'-CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHODIESTERASE that degrades CYCLIC AMP thus potentiates the actions of agents that act through ADENYLYL CYCLASES and cyclic AMP.
See also: Theophylline (annotation moved to). |
| Molecular Formula |
C7H8N4O2.H2O
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
198.1793
|
| Exact Mass |
198.075
|
| CAS # |
5967-84-0
|
| Related CAS # |
Theophylline;58-55-9;Theophylline-d6;117490-39-8;Theophylline sodium acetate;8002-89-9
|
| PubChem CID |
91268
|
| Appearance |
Typically exists as solid at room temperature
|
| Boiling Point |
454.1ºC at 760 mmHg
|
| Melting Point |
270-274°C
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
0
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
14
|
| Complexity |
267
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
|
| SMILES |
CN1C2=C(C(=O)N(C)C1=O)N=CN2.O
|
| InChi Key |
INQSMEFCAIHTJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C7H8N4O2.H2O/c1-10-5-4(8-3-9-5)6(12)11(2)7(10)13;/h3H,1-2H3,(H,8,9);1H2
|
| Chemical Name |
1,3-dimethyl-7H-purine-2,6-dione;hydrate
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 5.0459 mL | 25.2296 mL | 50.4592 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.0092 mL | 5.0459 mL | 10.0918 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.5046 mL | 2.5230 mL | 5.0459 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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