| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1g |
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| Other Sizes |
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| Targets |
Non-ionic liquid polymer
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| ln Vitro |
Tyloxapol (100 μg/mL) causes HEK293 cell ablation [2]. Tyloxapol promotes nuclear fragmentation and the development of Argentine nuclei [2]. Tyloxapol raises pulmonary venous risk, produces epithelial and erythrocytotoxicity, and promotes human Jurkat T occupancy [2].
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| ln Vivo |
Triton WR-1339 increased oxidative stress through an elevation in TBARS associated with depletion in glutathione and the activities of GST, SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT in plasma, liver, and brain. Triton WR-1339 induced DNA fragmentation and inhibited the activities of acetylcholinesterase and mono aminoxidase in the brain. Plasma biochemical parameters including transaminases, phosphatases, lactate dehydrogenase, urea, creatinine, bilirubin, total lipid, cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL were increased, while total protein, albumin, and high HDL were decreased due to Triton WR-1339-treatment. The histopathological and morphmetric analysis of the liver and dorsal aorta revealed alterations after Triton WR-1339-treatment. The presence of soybean oil with Triton WR-1339 minimized its hepatotoxicity and neurotoxicity via hypolipidemic effects and attenuated the oxidative damage[1].
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| Enzyme Assay |
Plasma and brain acetylcholinesterase and monoamine oxidase estimation[1]
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE; EC 3.1.1.7) activity was estimated in plasma and tissue supernatant using acetylcholine iodide as a substrate according to the method of Ellman, Courtney, Anders, and Featherstone (1961). The activity of monoamine oxidase was estimated in plasma and tissue extracts according to the method of Sandler, Reveley, and Glover (1981). Protein estimation[1] The protein content of the tissue extracts mentioned earlier was determined by the method of Lowry, Rosebrough, Farr, and Randall (1951) using bovine serum albumin as a standard. Biochemical parameters[1] Plasma and liver aspartate aminotransaminase (AST; EC 2.6.1.1), alanine aminotransaminase (ALT; EC 2.6.1.2), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH; EC 1.1.1.27) activities were determined using kits from SENTINEL CH. Stored plasma samples were analyzed for urea and creatinine concentrations using kits from SENTINEL CH. Plasma total cholesterol, high-density lipoproteins (HDL), and triglyceride levels were estimated by using cholesterol and triglyceride kits, span diagnostics Ltd., India. The assays were performed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. |
| Cell Assay |
Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) have been praised for their advantageous drug delivery properties such as biocompatibility, controlled release and passive drug targeting. However, the cytotoxicity of SLN and their ingredients, especially over a longer time period, has not been investigated in detail. We examined the critical issues regarding the use of a surface active stabilizer Tyloxapol (Tyl) for the preparation of solid lipid particles (SLP) and their effects on cellular functions and viability. SLP composed of behenate, phospholipids and a stabilizer, Tyloxapol (Tyl) or Lutrol (Lut), were prepared by the lipid melt method, labeled with a fluorescent dye and tested on Jurkat or HEK293 cells. The nano-sized particles were rapidly internalized and exhibited cytoplasmic localization. Incubation of cells with SLP-Tyl resulted in a dose- and time-dependent cytostatic effect, and also caused moderate and delayed cytotoxicity. Tyloxapol solution or SLP-Tyl dispersion caused the detachment of HEK293 cells, a decrease in cell proliferation and alterations in cellular morphology. Cell cycle analysis revealed that, while the unfavourable effects of SLP-Tyl and Tyloxapol solution are similar initially, longer incubation results in partial recovery of cells incubated with the dispersion of SLP-Tyl, whereas the presence ofTyloxapol) solution induces apoptotic cell death. These findings indicate that Tyloxapol is an unfavourable stabilizer of SLP used for intracellular delivery and reinforce the role of stabilizers in a design of SLP with minimal cytotoxic properties.
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| Animal Protocol |
Animal/Disease Models: 21 adult male Wistar rats, 11-12 weeks old, weighing 180-200 g[1].
Doses: 50 mg/kg. Route of Administration: intraperitoneal (ip) injection, BW, every other day. Experimental Results: TBARS levels were Dramatically increased in rat plasma, liver and brain (P < 0.05), while antioxidant enzymes (GPx, GST, CAT, SOD) were inhibited. Induces DNA fragmentation and inhibits the activity of acetylcholinesterase and monoammonium oxidase in the brain. Animals were treated with Triton WR-1339 (50 mg/kg BW) and soybean oil (50 mg/kg BW) for 28 days. Oxidative stress markers; antioxidant enzymes activity; biochemical parameters, such as acetylcholinesterase and mono aminoxidase, transaminases, phosphatases, lactate dehydrogenase, urea, creatinine, bilirubin, and lipid profile; DNA fragmentation; as well as histopathological and morphmetric analysis of the liver and dorsal aorta were investigated.[1] Twenty-one adult male Wistar rats, aged 11–12 weeks weighing 180–200 g, were used in the present experiments. Animals were caged in groups and given food and water ad libitum. After 2 weeks of acclimation, animals were divided randomly into three groups; seven rats in each group. Group I (control group) rats were treated with a vehicle (injected intraperitoneally with saline and treated orally with corn oil). Group II was injected intraperitoneally with 50 mg/kg BW of Triton WR-1339 every other day. Group III was treated orally with 50 mg/kg BW of soybean oil every day plus 50 mg/kg BW of Triton WR-1339 every other day. The dose of Triton WR-1339 was chosen according to Bhuvaneswari and Sasikumar (2013). The dose of soybean oil was chosen according to Mallo et al. (2013a, b). Rats were administered their respective doses for 28 days.[1] |
| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Tyloxapol is a polymeric compound resulting from the reaction of 4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenol with formaldehyde to give a chain in which 6-8 molecules are linked together by CH2 groups ortho to the phenolic hydroxy groups, which have then undergone reaction with oxirane to give polyoxyethyleneoxy moieties, Ar(OCH2CH2)xOH, where x = 8-10. A nonionic liquic polymer, it inhibits lipoprotein lipase and hence clearance of triglyceride from the plasma, so is used to induce hyperlipidaemia in test animals. Also used as a surfactant to aid liquefaction and removal of mucus- and pus-containing bronchopulmonary secretions. It has a role as an inhibitor, an excipient, a surfactant and an apoptosis inducer.
See also: Tyloxapol (annotation moved to). |
| Molecular Formula |
(C14H22O.C2H4O.CH2O)X
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
261.38 (monomer)
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| Exact Mass |
280.203
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| CAS # |
25301-02-4
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| Related CAS # |
25301-02-4
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| PubChem CID |
71388
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| Appearance |
Colorless to light yellow liquids
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| Density |
1.1
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| Boiling Point |
282.3ºC at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
148.3ºC
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.00198mmHg at 25°C
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| LogP |
4.573
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
3
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
3
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| Heavy Atom Count |
20
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| Complexity |
204
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
C1=C(O)C=CC(C(C)(C)CC(C)(C)C)=C1.C1OC1.C=O
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| InChi Key |
MDYZKJNTKZIUSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C14H22O.C2H4O.CH2O/c1-13(2,3)10-14(4,5)11-6-8-12(15)9-7-11;1-2-3-1;1-2/h6-9,15H,10H2,1-5H3;1-2H2;1H2
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| Chemical Name |
formaldehyde;oxirane;4-(2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-yl)phenol
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| Synonyms |
Tyloxapol; 25301-02-4; Macrocyclon; Tyloxypal; Triton WR-1339;
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O : ~120 mg/mL
Ethanol : ~100 mg/mL DMSO : ≥ 38 mg/mL |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: 100 mg/mL (Infinity mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with sonication.
(Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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