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Ursodiol (UDCA; Ursodeoxycholic acid) is a novel and natural bile acid with significant colon chemopreventive activity. As a secondary bile acid, it is produced in humans and most other species from metabolism by intestinal bacteria. It is synthesized in the liver in some species (e.g. the Chinese black bear liver), and was first identified in bear bile, which is the derivation of its name Ursus. In purified form, it has been used to treat or prevent several diseases of the liver or bile ducts in China for centuries.
| ln Vitro |
Through FXR-mediated ACE2 modulation, ursodeoxycholic acid (10 μM; 24 h) lowers SARS-CoV-2 infection in different cell types and reduces ACE2 and SHP levels in primary airways and damaged organoids [4].
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| ln Vivo |
In C57BL/6J wild-type mice, ursodeoxycholic acid (50, 150, and 450 mg/kg; route); once daily for 21 days—causes weight loss [1]. In mice and hamsters, ursodeoxycholic acid (1% w/w or 416 mg/kg; port; 7 days) decreases ACE2 expression [4]. In hamsters, ursodeoxycholic acid (416 mg/kg; side wall; 7 days) is effective in reducing SARS-CoV-2 infection [4].
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| Animal Protocol |
Animal/Disease Models: 5weeks old C57BL/6J WT mice (male and female) [1]
Doses: 50, 150 and 450 mg/kg dissolved in corn oil Route of Administration: po (oral gavage); one time/day for 21 days Experimental Results: Mice in the 50 mg/kg and 450 mg/kg groups continued to lose significant weight within a week. At the 50 mg/kg dose, this weight loss persisted throughout the experiment. At the 450 mg/kg dose, weight loss was initially noted during the first and third weeks of ursodiol administration. At the 150 mg/kg dose, there was no significant difference in body weight compared to untreated mice. Animal/Disease Models: FVB/N mice and Syrian golden hamsters [4] Doses: 1% w/w for mice, 416 mg/kg for hamsters. Route of Administration: feed or po (oral gavage), 7 days. Experimental Results: ACE2 expression diminished. Animal/Disease Models: Syrian golden hamster, SARS-CoV-2 infection model [4] Doses: 416 mg/kg Route of Administration: po (oral gavage), 7 days Experimental Results: n = 6 of 9 sentinel animals prevented SARS -Transmission of CoV-2 (33% infected vs. 67% uninfected). |
| References |
[1]. Winston JA, et al. Secondary bile acid ursodeoxycholic acid alters weight, the gut microbiota, and the bile acid pool in conventional mice. PLoS One. 2021;16(2):e0246161. Published 2021 Feb 18.
[2]. Jackson H, et al. Influence of ursodeoxycholic acid on the mortality and malignancy associated with primary biliary cirrhosis: a population-based cohort study. Hepatology. 2007 Oct;46(4):1131-7. [3]. Kumar D, et al. Use of ursodeoxycholic acid in liver diseases. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2001 Jan;16(1):3-14. [4]. Brevini T, et al. FXR inhibition may protect from SARS-CoV-2 infection by reducing ACE2. Nature. 2022 Dec 5. [5]. Biao Nie, et al. Specific Bile Acids Inhibit Hepatic Fatty Acid Uptake in Mice. Hepatology. 2012 Oct;56(4):1300-10. |
| Molecular Formula |
C24H40O4
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| Molecular Weight |
392.5720
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| CAS # |
128-13-2
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| Related CAS # |
Ursodeoxycholic acid sodium;2898-95-5
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| SMILES |
O([H])[C@@]1([H])C([H])([H])[C@]2([H])C([H])([H])[C@@]([H])(C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[C@]2(C([H])([H])[H])[C@@]2([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[C@]3(C([H])([H])[H])[C@@]([H])([C@]([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(=O)O[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[C@@]3([H])[C@@]21[H])O[H]
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ≥ 100 mg/mL (~254.73 mM)
H2O : ~1 mg/mL (~2.55 mM) |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (5.30 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (5.30 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (5.30 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.5473 mL | 12.7366 mL | 25.4732 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5095 mL | 2.5473 mL | 5.0946 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2547 mL | 1.2737 mL | 2.5473 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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