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Vancomycin

Alias: Vancocin;Vancoled; Vancomicina; Vancomycine; Vancomycinum; VANCOR
Cat No.:V32969 Purity: ≥98%
Vancomycin (Lyphocin) is a narrow-spectrum amphotericglycopeptide antibacterial drug used to treat a number of bacterial infections.
Vancomycin
Vancomycin Chemical Structure CAS No.: 1404-90-6
Product category: Bacterial
This product is for research use only, not for human use. We do not sell to patients.
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Other Forms of Vancomycin:

  • Vancomycin HCl
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Top Publications Citing lnvivochem Products
InvivoChem's Vancomycin has been cited by 1 publication
Purity & Quality Control Documentation

Purity: ≥98%

Purity: ≥98%

Product Description

Vancomycin (Lyphocin) is a narrow-spectrum amphoteric glycopeptide antibacterial drug used to treat a number of bacterial infections. It acts by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to peptidoglycan. Vancomycin is recommended intravenously as a treatment for complicated skin infections, bloodstream infections, endocarditis, bone and joint infections, and meningitis caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Blood levels may be measured to determine the correct dose. Vancomycin is also recommended by mouth as a treatment for severe Clostridium difficile colitis. When taken by mouth it is very poorly absorbed. Vancomycin acts by inhibiting proper cell wall synthesis in Gram-positive bacteria. Due to the different mechanism by which Gram-negative bacteria produce their cell walls and the various factors related to entering the outer membrane of Gram-negative organisms, vancomycin is not active against them (except some nongonococcal species of Neisseria).

Biological Activity I Assay Protocols (From Reference)
Targets
Glycopeptide
ln Vitro
In animal modeling, vancomycin can be used to create kidney injury models. To reduce infusion-related side effects, vancomycin is infused intravenously for a minimum of one hour. Vancomycin has a β-elimination half-life of 6–12 hours and an α-distribution phase of 30 min to 1 h in subjects with normal creatinine clearance. 0.4–1 L/kg is the distribution volume. Vancomycin can bind to proteins 10%–50% of the time. Vancomycin's total activity is influenced by a number of factors, including its tissue distribution, inoculum size, and effects on protein binding[1]. Treatment with vancomycin for infected mice is linked to better scores in histopathology, clinical manifestations, and diarrhea[3].
ln Vivo
Vancomycin is administered intravenously, with a standard infusion time of at least 1 h, to minimize infusion-related adverse effects. Subjects with normal creatinine clearance, vancomycin has an α-distribution phase of 30 min to 1 h and a β-elimination half-life of 6-12 h. The volume of distribution is 0.4–1 L/kg. The binding of vancomycin to protein ranges from 10% to 50%. Factors that affect the overall activity of vancomycin include its tissue distribution, inoculum size, and protein-binding effects. Vancomycin treatment of infected mice is associated with improved clinical, diarrhea, and histopathology scores and survival during treatment.
Enzyme Assay
Vancomycin is a unique glycopeptide structurally unrelated to any currently available antibiotic. It also has a unique mode of action inhibiting the second stage of cell wall synthesis of susceptible bacteria. There is also evidence that vancomycin alters the permeability of the cell membrane and selectively inhibits ribonucleic acid synthesis. Induction of bacterial L-phase variants from susceptible organisms with vancomycin is extremely difficult, and such variants are unstable. Stable L-phase variants induced by other agents are susceptible to vancomycin. Vancomycin is active against a large number of species of Gram-positive bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus (including methicillin-resistant strains), Staph. epidermidis (including multiple-resistant strains), Streptococcus pneumoniae (including multiple-resistant strains), Str. pyogenes, Str. agalactiae, Str. bovis, Str. mutans, viridans streptococci, enterococci, Clostridium species, diphtheroids, Listeria monocytogenes, Actinomyces species and Lactobacillus species. There has been no increase in resistance to vancomycin during the past three decades. Enhancement of antimicrobial activity has been demonstrated with the combination of vancomycin and an aminoglycoside against Staph. aureus, Str. bovis, enterococci and viridans streptococci. The combination of vancomycin and rifampicin are antagonistic to most strains of Staph. aureus, though indifference and occasionally synergism have been shown, but is synergistic against strains of Staph. epidermidis. It shows indifference against enterococci. Vancomycin and fusidic acid are indifferent against Staph. aureus [2].
Cell Assay
C. difficile toxin assay. C. difficile toxins A and B were detected using a modified protocol for the Tech Lab Toxin A/B II ELISA kit. Each stool sample was weighed and the amount of diluent per sample was normalized to provide the same stool mass-to-diluent ratio for each sample. The diluent-sample mixtures were homogenized by grinding and vortexing, and 1:10, 1:100, and 1:1,000 serial dilutions were made of the sample. A total of 150 μl of the 1:1,000 dilution of each sample was added to a precoated well provided in the kit. A negative control consisted of 150 μl of diluent, and a positive control consisted of 135 μl of diluent plus 3 drops of the positive control toxin A-B mixture provided in the kit. One drop of conjugate was added to each well, and the plate was incubated at 37°C for 50 min. Each well was washed three times with 150 μl of a 1× dilution of the wash buffer provided in the kit. Two drops of substrate were added to each well. After 10 min, 1 drop of stop solution was added to each well. The plate was allowed to sit for 2 min before being read in an ELISA reader [3].
Animal Protocol
Mice: In one series of studies, infected mice are given either vancomycin (20 mg/kg) daily for five or ten days and monitored for fifteen days after infection, or vancomycin (50 mg/kg) daily for one, two, three, or five days and monitored for twenty-one days after infection[3].
Murine model of C. difficile infection and treatment.[3]
The infection model is a modification of the published protocol of Chen et al. This protocol has been approved by the Center for Comparative Medicine at University of Virginia. C57BL/6 mice, male, 8 weeks old, were used. From 6 to 4 days prior to infection, mice were given an antibiotic cocktail containing vancomycin (0.0045 mg/g), colistin (0.0042 mg/g), gentamicin (0.0035 mg/g), and metronidazole (0.0215 mg/g) in drinking water. One day prior to infection, clindamycin (32 mg/kg of body weight) was injected subcutaneously. The mice were divided into the following groups: control uninfected, control infected, infected and treated with vancomycin (20 mg/kg), and infected and treated with comparator drugs—nitazoxanide, fidaxomicin, and metronidazole (all drugs given at 20 mg/kg/day). Food and water were allowed ad libitum. Although each mouse or treatment group was housed in a separate cage, all mice were housed in the same pod of the vivarium. Infection was performed with VPI 10463 (ATCC) as an inoculum of 104 or 105 administered by oral gavage. This strain produces both C. difficile toxins A (TcdA) and B (TcdB). One day postinfection, treated mice were given either vancomycin or nitazoxanide at 20 mg/kg each by oral gavage daily for 5 days and monitored for either 1 or 2 weeks postinfection. One set of experiments was performed in which infected mice were treated with vancomycin (50 mg/kg) daily for 1, 2, 3, or 5 days and were observed for 21 days postinfection or with vancomycin (20 mg/kg) daily for either 5 or 10 days and monitoring for 15 days postinfection. In a separate experiment, mice given a preinfection antibiotic regimen described above were treated with either vancomycin, fidaxomicin, or metronidazole at 20 mg/kg/day for 5 days and infected another 5 days later. Except when indicated, all comparator drugs were administered using the same dosage (20 mg/kg/day for 5 days) to equally compare efficacies, outcomes, and effects on selected gut floras between treatment groups as previously described. From another study, a group of control mice was given vancomycin but was not infected. A clinical scoring system was developed on the basis of weight loss, diarrhea, activity level, and appearance of eyes and hair (each parameter scored from 0 to 3, where 0 is normal and 3 is the worst; maximum score of 20). Stool specimens were collected daily. Diarrhea was scored as follows: 1 for soft or color change (yellow), 2 for wet tail or mucoid, and 3 for liquid or no stool (ileus). Mice judged moribund by the clinical score (score of >14) at any day and all surviving mice at the end of the experiment were sacrificed, and intestinal tissues and cecal contents were collected as described below. A separate set of experiments was performed for harvesting cecal contents for clostridial bacterial and toxin burdens at days 3, 6, 9, and 12 to 13 postinfection to follow changes at different time points of the study.
Histopathology. Upon euthanasia, cecal and colonic tissues were fixed in 10% zinc formalin overnight and then placed in 10% ethanol before being sent for paraffin embedding and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining at the University of Virginia Histology Research Core. Histopathologic scoring was performed coded (C.A.W. and M.S.R.). H&E-stained tissues were scored for mucosal disruption, mucosal hypertrophy, inflammation, vascular congestion and exudates, and submucosal edema (each parameter was graded from 0 to 3, with 0 as normal and 3 worst; maximum score of 15) as we previously described in detail.
ADME/Pharmacokinetics
Absorption, Distribution and Excretion
Poorly absorbed from gastrointestinal tract, however systemic absorption (up to 60%) may occur following intraperitoneal administration.
In the first 24 hours, about 75-80% of an administered dose of vancomycin is excreted in urine by glomerular filtration.
The volume of distribution, as discussed in the literature, varies between 0.4-1 L/kg.
The mean plasma clearance of vancomycin is about 0.058 L/kg/h.
Vancomycin hydrochloride is not appreciably absorbed from the GI tract in most patients and must be given parenterally for the treatment of systemic infections. Oral bioavailability usually is less than 5%; however, limited data suggest that clinically important serum concentrations of the drug may result following enteral or oral administration of vancomycin in some patients with colitis and/or in those with renal impairment.
In adults with normal renal function who received multiple 1 g doses of vancomycin (15 mg/kg) given by IV infusion over 1 hour, mean plasma concentrations immediately after completion of the infusion are approximately 63 ug/mL and mean plasma concentrations 2 and 11 hours later are approximately 23 or 8 ug/mL, respectively. When multiple 500-mg doses are given by IV infusion over 30 minutes, mean plasma concentrations are about 49 ug/mL immediately following the infusion and about 10 ug/mL 6 hours after infusion.
Vancomycin is distributed into milk following IV administration. Systemic absorption of oral vancomycin is very low and it is not known whether the drug distributes into human milk following oral administration.
Vancomycin readily crosses the placenta and is distributed into cord blood.
Vancomycin is approximately 55% serum protein bound as measured by ultrafiltration at vancomycin serum concentrations of 10 to 100 mcg/mL. After IV administration of vancomycin hydrochloride, inhibitory concentrations are present in pleural, pericardial, ascitic, and synovial fluids; in urine; in peritoneal dialysis fluid; and in atrial appendage tissue. Vancomycin hydrochloride does not readily diffuse across normal meninges into the spinal fluid; but, when the meninges are inflamed, penetration into the spinal fluid occurs.
Metabolism / Metabolites
Since almost 75-80% of the drug is excreted unchanged in the urine after the first 24 hours following administration, there is seemingly no apparent metabolism of the drug. The concentration of vancomycin in the liver tissue and bile 24 hours after administration has also been reported at or below detection limits as well.
Free toxin may be removed by opsonization via the reticuloendothelial system (primarily the liver and kidneys) or it may be degraded through cellular internalization via the lysosomes. Lysosomes are membrane-enclosed organelles that contain an array of digestive enzymes, including several proteases.
Route of Elimination: In the first 24 hours, about 75% of an administered dose of vancomycin is excreted in urine by glomerular filtration.
Half Life: Half-life in normal renal patients is approximately 6 hours (range 4 to 11 hours). In the first 24 hours, about 75% of an administered dose of vancomycin is excreted in urine by glomerular filtration. In anephric patients, the average half-life of elimination is 7.5 days.
Biological Half-Life
Half-life in normal renal patients is approximately 6 hours (range 4 to 11 hours). In anephric patients, the average half-life of elimination is 7.5 days.
The mean elimination half-life of vancomycin from plasma is 4 to 6 hours in subjects with normal renal function.
In anephric patients, the average half-life of elimination is 7.5 days.
Toxicity/Toxicokinetics
Toxicity Summary
The bactericidal action of vancomycin results primarily from inhibition of cell-wall biosynthesis. Specifically, vancomycin prevents incorporation of N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM)- and N-acetylglucosamine (NAG)-peptide subunits from being incorporated into the peptidoglycan matrix; which forms the major structural component of Gram-positive cell walls. The large hydrophilic molecule is able to form hydrogen bond interactions with the terminal D-alanyl-D-alanine moieties of the NAM/NAG-peptides. Normally this is a five-point interaction. This binding of vancomycin to the D-Ala-D-Ala prevents the incorporation of the NAM/NAG-peptide subunits into the peptidoglycan matrix. In addition, vancomycin alters bacterial-cell-membrane permeability and RNA synthesis. There is no cross-resistance between vancomycin and other antibiotics. Vancomycin is not active in vitro against gram-negative bacilli, mycobacteria, or fungi.
Toxicity Data
LD50: 5000 mg/kg (Oral, Mouse) (A308)
LD50: 319 mg/kg (Intravenous, Rat) (A308)
LD50: 400 mg/kg (Intravenous, Mouse) (A308)
Interactions
Concomitant use of vancomycin and anesthetic agents has been associated with anaphylactoid reactions and an increased frequency of infusion reactions (e.g., hypotension, flushing, erythema, urticaria, pruritus). Erythema and histamine-like flushing has occurred in pediatric patients receiving vancomycin and anesthetic agents concomitantly. The risk of infusion-related adverse effects may be minimized if vancomycin is given as a 1-hour IV infusion prior to induction of anesthesia.
In vitro, the antibacterial effects of vancomycin and aminoglycosides are synergistic against many strains of Staphylococcus aureus, nonenterococcal group D streptococci (Streptococcus bovis), enterococci (Enterococcus faecalis), and viridans streptococci. However, concomitant use of vancomycin and aminoglycosides is associated with an increased risk of ototoxicity and/or nephrotoxicity.
Because of the possibility of additive toxicities, the concurrent or sequential systemic or topical use of other ototoxic and/or nephrotoxic drugs (e.g., aminoglycosides, amphotericin B, bacitracin, cisplatin, colistin, polymyxin B) and vancomycin requires careful serial monitoring of renal and auditory function. These drugs should be used with caution in patients receiving vancomycin therapy.
Renal failure developed after a prolonged course of vancomycin therapy in 2 patients who were receiving tenofovir disoproxil fumarate as part of an antiretroviral regimen. Tenofovir has been implicated in the development of Fanconi syndrome and renal insufficiency because of its effects on the proximal renal tubule. Vancomycin nephrotoxicity is infrequent but may result from coadministration with a nephrotoxic agent. Clinicians should be aware that tenofovir may raise the risk of renal failure during prolonged administration of vancomycin.
For more Interactions (Complete) data for Vancomycin (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
Non-Human Toxicity Values
LD50 Mouse oral 5000 mg/kg /Monohydrochloride/
LD50 Mouse ip 1734 mg/kg
LD50 Mouse iv 430 mg/kg
LD50 Mouse sc 5000 mg/kg
LD50 Rat iv 319 mg/kg
References

[1]. The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of vancomycin. Clin Infect Dis. 2006 Jan 1;42 Suppl 1:S35-9.

[2]. Mode of action and in-vitro activity of vancomycin. J Antimicrob Chemother. 1984 Dec;14 Suppl D:7-18.

[3]. Vancomycin treatment's association with delayed intestinal tissue injury, clostridial overgrowth, and recurrence of Clostridium difficile infection in mice. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2013 Feb;57(2):689-96.

Additional Infomation
Therapeutic Uses
Antibiotics, Glycopeptide
Vancomycin hydrochloride is indicated for the treatment of serious or severe infections caused by susceptible strains of methicillin-resistant (beta-lactam-resistant) staphylococci. It is indicated for penicillin-allergic patients, for patients who cannot receive or who have failed to respond to other drugs, including the penicillins or cephalosporins, and for infections caused by vancomycin-susceptible organisms that are resistant to other antimicrobial drugs. Vancomycin hydrochloride is indicated for initial therapy when methicillin-resistant staphylococci are suspected, but after susceptibility data are available, therapy should be adjusted accordingly. /Included in US product label/
Vancomycin hydrochloride is effective in the treatment of staphylococcal endocarditis. Its effectiveness has been documented in other infections due to staphylococci, including septicemia, bone infections, lower respiratory tract infections, skin and skin-structure infections. When staphylococcal infections are localized and purulent, antibiotics are used as adjuncts to appropriate surgical measures. /Included in US product label/
The parenteral form of vancomycin hydrochloride may be administered orally for treatment of antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis produced by C. difficile and for staphylococcal enterocolitis. Parenteral administration of vancomycin hydrochloride alone is of unproven benefit for these indications. Vancomycin hydrochloride is not effective by the oral route for other types of infection. /Included in US product label/
For more Therapeutic Uses (Complete) data for Vancomycin (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
Drug Warnings
Ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity are the most serious adverse effects of parenteral vancomycin therapy. The incidences of ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity have not been well established, but clinical experience to date suggests that these adverse effects occur relatively infrequently. Ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity are most likely to occur in patients with renal impairment, patients receiving IV vancomycin in high doses or for prolonged periods, or patients receiving other ototoxic and/or nephrotoxic drugs. Although ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity have been associated with serum or blood vancomycin concentrations of 80-100 ug/mL, these reactions have occurred with concentrations as low as 25 ug/mL. Correlations between serum vancomycin concentrations and ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity still remain to be clarified. Ototoxicity may be transient or permanent. Vancomycin may cause damage to the auditory branch of the eighth cranial nerve and permanent deafness has occurred. Vertigo, dizziness, and tinnitus have been reported rarely. Tinnitus may precede the onset of deafness and necessitates discontinuance of the drug. Deafness may progress despite cessation of vancomycin therapy. Vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity may be manifested by transient elevations in BUN or serum creatinine concentrations, and the presence of hyaline and granular casts and albumin in the urine. Fatal uremia has occurred. Rarely, the drug has been associated with acute interstitial nephritis.
Rapid IV administration of vancomycin has resulted in a hypotensive reaction frequently referred to as the "red-man syndrome" or "red-neck syndrome". The reaction is characterized by a sudden decrease in blood pressure which can be severe and may be accompanied by flushing and/or a maculopapular or erythematous rash on the face, neck, chest, and upper extremities; the latter manifestations may also occur in the absence of hypotension. Wheezing, dyspnea, angioedema, urticaria, and pruritus may also occur. Rarely, cardiac arrest or seizures have occurred. Vancomycin-induced hypotension appears to result from a negative inotropic and vasodilating action produced in part by a release of histamine, which is directly related to the rate of infusion; the release of histamine also appears to be responsible for the usual manifestations (e.g., erythema, rash, pruritus) of the "red" characterization. The reaction usually begins a few minutes after the vancomycin infusion is started, but may not occur until after the infusion is completed, and usually resolves spontaneously over one to several hours after discontinuance of the infusion. If the hypotensive reaction is severe, the use of antihistamines, corticosteroids, or IV fluids may be necessary. The hypotensive reaction is related to the rate of infusion of vancomycin and has been reported most frequently when the drug was administered over a period of 10 minutes or less; however, the reaction may also occur rarely when the drug is infused over a period of 1 hour or longer. To minimize the risk of a hypotensive reaction, vancomycin should be infused over a period of at least 1 hour and the patient's blood pressure should be monitored during the infusion. In patients who have had the reaction, subsequent doses of vancomycin can usually be given without adverse effect if administered at a slow rate (e.g., over several hours). Pretreatment with antihistamines may be of benefit. If attempts to minimize the reaction fail, use of another anti-infective agent may be necessary. The reaction reportedly has occurred in more than 50% of healthy individuals given vancomycin but less frequently when the drug is used therapeutically.
Urticaria, exfoliative dermatitis, macular rashes, eosinophilia, vasculitis, a shock-like state, transient anaphylaxis, and, occasionally, vascular collapse have been reported in patients receiving vancomycin. The drug also has been associated with Stevens-Johnson syndrome in at least one patient.
A throbbing pain in the muscles of the back and neck has been reported with vancomycin and can usually be minimized or avoided by slower administration of the drug. In patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), intraperitoneal administration of vancomycin has been associated with chemical peritonitis, a syndrome consisting of a cloudy dialysate, which may be accompanied by abdominal pain and fever. Chemical peritonitis usually disappears shortly after discontinuance of intraperitoneal vancomycin. Other adverse effects of vancomycin include chills and fever. Priapism after a second IV dose of vancomycin, with recurrence on inadvertent rechallenge, occurred in a 37-year-old man with severe underlying diabetes mellitus; bilateral phlebotomy of the corpus cavernosum resulted in resolution of the priapism.
For more Drug Warnings (Complete) data for Vancomycin (22 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
Pharmacodynamics
Vancomycin is a branched tricyclic glycosylated nonribosomal peptide often reserved as the "drug of last resort", used only after treatment with other antibiotics has failed. Vancomycin has been shown to be active against most strains of the following microorganisms, both in vitro and in clinical infections: Listeria monocytogenes, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae (including penicillin-resistant strains), Streptococcus agalactiae, Actinomyces species, and Lactobacillus species. The combination of vancomycin and an aminoglycoside acts synergistically in vitro against many strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus bovis, enterococci, and the viridans group streptococci.
These protocols are for reference only. InvivoChem does not independently validate these methods.
Physicochemical Properties
Molecular Formula
C66H75CL2N9O24
Molecular Weight
1449.25
Exact Mass
1447.43
CAS #
1404-90-6
Related CAS #
Vancomycin hydrochloride;1404-93-9
PubChem CID
14969
Appearance
White to off-white solid powder
Density
1.65 g/cm3
LogP
4.734
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count
19
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count
26
Rotatable Bond Count
13
Heavy Atom Count
101
Complexity
2960
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count
18
SMILES
ClC1C([H])=C2C([H])=C([H])C=1OC1=C([H])C3[C@]([H])(C(N([H])[C@@]4([H])C(N([H])[C@]([H])(C(N([H])[C@]([H])(C(=O)O[H])C5C([H])=C(C([H])=C(C=5C5=C(C([H])=C([H])C4=C5[H])O[H])O[H])O[H])=O)[C@@]([H])(C4C([H])=C([H])C(=C(C=4[H])Cl)OC(C=3[H])=C1O[C@@]1([H])[C@@]([H])([C@]([H])([C@@]([H])([C@@]([H])(C([H])([H])O[H])O1)O[H])O[H])O[C@@]1([H])C([H])([H])[C@@](C([H])([H])[H])([C@@]([H])([C@]([H])(C([H])([H])[H])O1)O[H])N([H])[H])O[H])=O)=O)N([H])C([C@]([H])(C([H])([H])C(N([H])[H])=O)N([H])C([C@@]([H])([C@]2([H])O[H])N([H])C([C@@]([H])(C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H])N([H])C([H])([H])[H])=O)=O)=O
InChi Key
MYPYJXKWCTUITO-LYRMYLQWSA-N
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C66H75Cl2N9O24/c1-23(2)12-34(71-5)58(88)76-49-51(83)26-7-10-38(32(67)14-26)97-40-16-28-17-41(55(40)101-65-56(54(86)53(85)42(22-78)99-65)100-44-21-66(4,70)57(87)24(3)96-44)98-39-11-8-27(15-33(39)68)52(84)50-63(93)75-48(64(94)95)31-18-29(79)19-37(81)45(31)30-13-25(6-9-36(30)80)46(60(90)77-50)74-61(91)47(28)73-59(89)35(20-43(69)82)72-62(49)92/h6-11,13-19,23-24,34-35,42,44,46-54,56-57,65,71,78-81,83-87H,12,20-22,70H2,1-5H3,(H2,69,82)(H,72,92)(H,73,89)(H,74,91)(H,75,93)(H,76,88)(H,77,90)(H,94,95)/t24-,34+,35-,42+,44-,46+,47+,48-,49+,50-,51+,52+,53+,54-,56+,57+,65-,66-/m0/s1
Chemical Name
(1S,2R,18R,19R,22S,25R,28R,40S)-48-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3-[(2S,4S,5S,6S)-4-amino-5-hydroxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-22-(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-5,15-dichloro-2,18,32,35,37-pentahydroxy-19-[[(2R)-4-methyl-2-(methylamino)pentanoyl]amino]-20,23,26,42,44-pentaoxo-7,13-dioxa-21,24,27,41,43-pentazaoctacyclo[26.14.2.23,6.214,17.18,12.129,33.010,25.034,39]pentaconta-3,5,8(48),9,11,14,16,29(45),30,32,34(39),35,37,46,49-pentadecaene-40-carboxylic acid
Synonyms
Vancocin;Vancoled; Vancomicina; Vancomycine; Vancomycinum; VANCOR
HS Tariff Code
3004209090
Storage

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture.
Shipping Condition
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
Solubility Data
Solubility (In Vitro)
DMSO : ~125 mg/mL (~86.25 mM)
Solubility (In Vivo)
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 4.17 mg/mL (2.88 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 41.7 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution.

Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 4.17 mg/mL (2.88 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 41.7 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C,1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution.

 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)
Preparing Stock Solutions 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 0.6900 mL 3.4501 mL 6.9001 mL
5 mM 0.1380 mL 0.6900 mL 1.3800 mL
10 mM 0.0690 mL 0.3450 mL 0.6900 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.

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Dilution Calculator allows you to calculate how to dilute a stock solution of known concentrations. For example, you may Enter C1, C2 & V2 to calculate V1, as detailed below:

What volume of a given 10 mM stock solution is required to make 25 ml of a 25 μM solution?
Using the equation C1V1 = C2V2, where C1=10 mM, C2=25 μM, V2=25 ml and V1 is the unknown:
  • Enter 10 into the Concentration (Start) box and choose the correct unit (mM)
  • Enter 25 into the Concentration (End) box and select the correct unit (mM)
  • Enter 25 into the Volume (End) box and choose the correct unit (mL)
  • Click the “Calculate” button
  • The answer of 62.5 μL (0.1 ml) appears in the Volume (Start) box
g/mol

Molecular Weight Calculator allows you to calculate the molar mass and elemental composition of a compound, as detailed below:

Note: Chemical formula is case sensitive: C12H18N3O4  c12h18n3o4
Instructions to calculate molar mass (molecular weight) of a chemical compound:
  • To calculate molar mass of a chemical compound, please enter the chemical/molecular formula and click the “Calculate’ button.
Definitions of molecular mass, molecular weight, molar mass and molar weight:
  • Molecular mass (or molecular weight) is the mass of one molecule of a substance and is expressed in the unified atomic mass units (u). (1 u is equal to 1/12 the mass of one atom of carbon-12)
  • Molar mass (molar weight) is the mass of one mole of a substance and is expressed in g/mol.
/

Reconstitution Calculator allows you to calculate the volume of solvent required to reconstitute your vial.

  • Enter the mass of the reagent and the desired reconstitution concentration as well as the correct units
  • Click the “Calculate” button
  • The answer appears in the Volume (to add to vial) box
In vivo Formulation Calculator (Clear solution)
Step 1: Enter information below (Recommended: An additional animal to make allowance for loss during the experiment)
Step 2: Enter in vivo formulation (This is only a calculator, not the exact formulation for a specific product. Please contact us first if there is no in vivo formulation in the solubility section.)
+
+
+

Calculation results

Working concentration mg/mL;

Method for preparing DMSO stock solution mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.

Method for preparing in vivo formulation:Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O,mix and clarify.

(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
             (2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.

Clinical Trial Information
Intra-wound Vancomycin Powder for Prevention of Surgical Site Infection Following Spinal Surgery
CTID: NCT05959603
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-11-27
A Phase 1b Trial to Evaluate the Safety of MB310 in Patients With Active, Mild-to-Moderate Ulcerative Colitis
CTID: NCT06582264
Phase: Phase 1    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-11-27
Daptomycin Vs. Vancomycin for the Treatment of Methicillin Resistant S. Aureus Bacteremia
CTID: NCT06637332
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-11-27
A Study to Investigate the Safety and Efficacy of Fidaxomicin (Oral Suspension or Tablets) and Vancomycin (Oral Liquid or Capsules) in Pediatric Subjects With Clostridium Difficile-associated Diarrhea (CDAD)
CTID: NCT02218372
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2024-11-26
Vancomycin Dosing for Serious MRSA Infections: A Non-inferiority Randomized Trial of Trough Level Versus AUC/MIC
CTID: NCT04793152
Phase: N/A    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-11-25
View More

Prevention of Infections in Cardiac Surgery (PICS) Prevena Study
CTID: NCT03402945
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Active, not recruiting
Date: 2024-11-25


Clostridioides Difficile Controlled Human Infection Model
CTID: NCT06702345
Phase: N/A    Status: Not yet recruiting
Date: 2024-11-22
VE202 in Patients with Mild-to-Moderate Ulcerative Colitis
CTID: NCT05370885
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-11-20
Irrisept Solution for Instrumented Spine Surgery
CTID: NCT06439953
Phase: N/A    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-11-20
Fecal Microbiota Transplant and Re-introduction of Anti-PD-1 Therapy (Pembrolizumab or Nivolumab) for the Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer in Anti-PD-1 Non-responders
CTID: NCT04729322
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Active, not recruiting
Date: 2024-11-08
Linezolid or Vancomycin Surgical Site Infection Prophylaxis
CTID: NCT05571722
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-11-06
PHASE II SINGLE-CENTER, RANDOMIZED, OPEN-LABEL, PROSPECTIVE, STUDY TO DETERMINE THE IMPACT OF SERIAL PROCALCITONIN
CTID: NCT04983901
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2024-11-04
Early Antibiotics After Aspiration in ICU Patients
CTID: NCT05079620
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Terminated
Date: 2024-11-01
A Study to Compare Safety and Efficacy of OPT-80(Fidaxomicin) With Vancomycin in Subjects With Clostridium Difficile-associated Diarrhea (CDAD)
CTID: NCT02179658
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2024-10-31
A Phase IIIB/IV Study to Compare the Efficacy of Vancomycin Therapy to Extended Duration of Fidaxomicin Therapy in the Clinical Cure of Clostridium Difficile Infection (CDI) in an Older Population
CTID: NCT02254967
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2024-10-31
DOTS: Dalbavancin as an Option for Treatment of Staphylococcus Aureus Bacteremia
CTID: NCT04775953
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2024-10-22
Optimal Treatment for Recurrent Clostridium Difficile
CTID: NCT02667418
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2024-10-04
A Multiple Dose Study to Evaluate Safety, Tolerability, PK, and Efficacy of SER-155 in Adults Undergoing HSCT
CTID: NCT04995653
Phase: Phase 1    Status: Completed
Date: 2024-10-01
Prevention of Infections in Cardiac Surgery (PICS): a Cluster-randomized Factorial Cross-over Trial
CTID: NCT06567808
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Not yet recruiting
Date: 2024-09-27
Initial Vancomycin Taper for the Prevention of Recurrent Clostridium Difficile Infection
CTID: NCT04138706
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Active, not recruiting
Date: 2024-09-27
Microbiota Transplant Therapy for Children With Both Autism Spectrum Disorder and Gastrointestinal Disorders
CTID: NCT06503978
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Active, not recruiting
Date: 2024-09-25
Fecal Transplantation for Primary Clostridium Difficile Infection
CTID: NCT03796650
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Terminated
Date: 2024-09-19
Pharmacokinetics Vancomycin CVVHDF With oXiris Membrane
CTID: NCT06543940
Phase: N/A    Status: Enrolling by invitation
Date: 2024-09-19
Dalbavancin for the Treatment of Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infections in Children, Known or Suspected to be Caused by Susceptible Gram-positive Organisms, Including MRSA
CTID: NCT02814916
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2024-09-19
Powdered Intrawound Vancomycin in Open Fractures Trial
CTID: NCT06504992
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Not yet recruiting
Date: 2024-09-19
Vancomycin Dose Optimization in Obesity
CTID: NCT06601257
Phase: Phase 1    Status: Not yet recruiting
Date: 2024-09-19
Screening to Prophylax Against Clostridium Difficile Infection -
CTID: NCT02996487
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2024-08-13
A Phase 1b Trial to Evaluate Safety of MB097 in Combination With Pembrolizumab in Melanoma Patients
CTID: NCT06540391
Phase: Phase 1    Status: Not yet recruiting
Date: 2024-08-06
Vancomycin for Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
CTID: NCT03710122
Phase: Phase 2/Phase 3    Status: Active, not recruiting
Date: 2024-08-01
Safety Trial of Antimicrobial Therapy and Precision Radiation Therapy in Patients With Oligoprogressive Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
CTID: NCT03546829
Phase: Phase 1    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-07-30
Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Stimulation and Charcot Foot Ulcer
CTID: NCT06527131
Phase: N/A    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-07-30
Placement of Antibiotic Powder in Wounds During the Emergency Room
CTID: NCT03765567
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-07-29
Exploring Vancomycin Disposition in Neonates
CTID: NCT02096536
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-07-12
Staphylococcus Aureus Network Adaptive Platform Trial
CTID: NCT05137119
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-06-05
A Phase 2a Study, Effect of Vancomycin With vs Without Delpazolid (LCB01-0371) in Patients With MRSA Bacteremia
CTID: NCT05225558
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Terminated
Date: 2024-05-16
ACX-362E [Ibezapolstat] for Oral Treatment of Clostridioides Difficile Infection
CTID: NCT04247542
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2024-05-14
VE303 for Treatment of Hepatic Encephalopathy (HE)
CTID: NCT04899115
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2024-05-07
Suprafascial Vancomycin Powder for Prevention of Surgical Site Infections After Instrumented Posterior Spinal Fusion
CTID: NCT04017468
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-05-01
The Effect of Intrawound Vancomycin Powder in Spine Surgery
CTID: NCT04825522
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-04-23
Haemoglobin And Vancomycin Pharmacokinetics in the Cerebrospinal Fluid Following Subarachnoid Haemorrhage
CTID: NCT06373640
Phase: N/A    Status: Not yet recruiting
Date: 2024-04-18
Precision Dosing of Vancomycin in Critically Ill Children
CTID: NCT04666948
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Active, not recruiting
Date: 2024-04-12
Lyophilized Fecal Microbiome Transfer vs. Vancomycin Monotherapy for Primary Clostridioides Difficile Infection
CTID: NCT05709184
Phase: N/A    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-04-10
Antibiotics and Vaccine Immune Responses Study
CTID: NCT06148025
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-04-04
Vancomycin Study in Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
CTID: NCT05539729
Phase: Phase 1    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-03-22
Microbiota Transfer Therapy for Children and Adults With Both Pitt Hopkins Syndrome and Gastrointestinal Disorders
CTID: NCT06321796
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-03-20
Application of Daptomycin in MRSA Infected Diabetic Foot in Comparison to Vancomycin Treatment
CTID: NCT01199783
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Terminated
Date: 2024-03-18
Early Versus Late Stopping of Antibiotics in Children With Cancer and High-risk Febrile Neutropenia
CTID: NCT04948463
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2024-03-15
Refined Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) for Ulcerative Colitis (UC)
CTID: NCT04968951
PhaseEarly Phase 1    Status: Terminated
Date: 2024-02-26
Topical Antibiotics in Surgical Site
CTID: NCT05363462
Phase: N/A    Status: Completed
Date: 2024-02-14
Fundamental Modification of the Gut Microbiota in the Treatment of Refractory Crohn's Disease
CTID: NCT02765256
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2024-02-06
Acute Application of Antibiotic Powder in Open Fracture Wounds
CTID: NCT04872400
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2024-02-05
Infection Rates Between Using of Vancomycin Versus Gentamycin in Primary ACLR
CTID: NCT06050785
Phase:    Status: Not yet recruiting
Date: 2024-02-05
The Effect of Intrawound Vancomycin Powder on Surgical Site Infection in Inguinal Lymph Node Dissection
CTID: NCT05625373
Phase: Phase 2/Phase 3    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2023-12-05
Antibiotic Impregnated Bone Graft to Reduce Infection in Hip Replacement.
CTID: NCT05169229
Phase: Phase 2/Phase 3    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2023-12-04
TNP-2092 to Treat Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infection
CTID: NCT03964493
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2023-12-01
Model-informed Precision Dosing of Vancomycin in Adults
CTID: NCT05535075
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2023-12-01
Oral Vancomycin to Prevent Recurrent C Difficile Infection With Antibiotics
CTID: NCT03466502
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2023-11-28
Combination Study of Antibiotics With Enzalutamide (PROMIZE)
CTID: NCT06126731
Phase: Phase 1/Phase 2    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2023-11-13
Clostridioides Difficile Colonisation
CTID: NCT05693077
Phase: Phase 1    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2023-10-17
Cystatin-C C-guided Vancomycin Dosing in Critically Ill Patients: A Quality Improvement Project
CTID: NCT02945241
Phase: Phase 1    Status: Completed
Date: 2023-10-10
Dalbavancin For The Treatment of Gram Positive Osteoarticular Infections
CTID: NCT03426761
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2023-10-03
Prevention of Infections in Cardiac Surgery
CTID: NCT02285140
Phase: N/A    Status: Active, not recruiting
Date: 2023-09-22
Oral Vancomycin Versus Probiotics Versus Placebo for Prevention of Clostridium Difficile Infection in Colonized Patients
CTID: NCT04246151
PhaseEarly Phase 1    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2023-09-21
Study of VE800 and Nivolumab in Patients With Selected Types of Advanced or Metastatic Cancer
CTID: NCT04208958
Phase: Phase 1/Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2023-08-29
Safety, Tolerability and the Pharmacokinetics of Ridinilazole in Adolescent Subjects
CTID: NCT04802837
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Terminated
Date: 2023-08-21
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for C. Difficile Infection in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients
CTID: NCT03617445
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2023-08-04
Efficacy of Oral Vancomycin Prophylaxis for Prevention of Recurrent Clostridium Difficile Infection
CTID: NCT03462459
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2023-07-28
First Time Right of Vancomycin
CTID: NCT05964114
Phase: N/A    Status: Not yet recruiting
Date: 2023-07-27
Nivolumab (Anti-PD1), Tadalafil and Oral Vancomycin in People With Refractory Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma or Liver Dominant Metastatic Cancer From Colorectal or Pancreatic Cancers
CTID: NCT03785210
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2023-07-11
Vancomycin in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis in Italy
CTID: NCT05876182
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2023-07-03
Responses to Rabies Vaccine in Adults With or Without Antibiotics
CTID: NCT03557008
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2023-06-08
Ceftobiprole in the Treatment of Patients With Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infections
CTID: NCT03137173
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2023-05-12
Safety and Efficacy of Strategy to Prevent Drug-Induced Nephrotoxicity in High-Risk Patients
CTID: NCT01734694
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Terminated
Date: 2023-05-03
Oral Vancomycin vs Placebo in the Prevention of Recurrence of Clostridioides Difficile's Infection
CTID: NCT05320068
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Recruiting
Date: 2023-04-24
Oral Vancomycin for Secondary Prophylaxis of Clostridium Difficile Infection (CDI)
CTID: NCT04000555
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Terminated
Date: 2023-04-21
Vancomycin Or Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole for Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Osteomyelitis
CTID: NCT00324922
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2023-04-11
Bezlotoxumab Versus FMT for Multiple Recurrent CDI
CTID: NCT05077085
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Withdrawn
Date: 2023-03-28
Comparison of Ridinilazole Versus Vancomycin Treatment for Clostridium Difficile Infection
CTID: NCT03595553
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2023-03-03
Interventional Bioremediation of Microbiota in Metabolic Syndrome
CTID: NCT02730962
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Terminated
Date: 2023-02-22
LocalVancomycinPowderToPreventPeriprostheticJointInfection.
CTID: NCT05697965
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Not yet recruiting
Date: 2023-02-10
FMT for Moderate to Severe CDI: A Randomised Study With Concurrent Stool Microbiota Assessment
CTID: NCT02570477
Phase: N/A    Status: Active, not recruiting
Date: 2023-02-08
Fecal Microbiota Transfer in Liver Cancer to Overcome Resistance to Atezolizumab/Bevacizumab (FLORA)
CTID: NCT05690048
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Not yet recruiting
Date: 2023-01-23
Application of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Children With ASD
CTID: NCT04948814
Phase: Phase 1    Status: Enrolling by invitation
Date: 2023-01-20
Microbiota Transfer Therapy for Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Who Have Gastrointestinal Disorders
CTID: NCT03408886
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Active, not recruiting
Date: 2023-01-09
Impact of Prophylactic Antibiotics on Bloodstream Infections After Liberation From Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
CTID: NCT05651464
Phase: N/A    Status: Unknown status
Date: 2022-12-15
Topical Use of Vancomycin in Reducing Sternal Wound Infection in Cardiac Surgery (SWI Trial)
CTID: NCT02374853
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Terminated
Date: 2022-11-03
Vancomycin Tissue Concentrations by Bier Block or Intravenous Administration
CTID: NCT04673877
Phase: Phase 1    Status: Completed
Date: 2022-10-07
A Study of CB-183,315 in Participants With Clostridium Difficile Associated Diarrhea (MK-4261-006)
CTID: NCT01598311
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2022-08-22
A Systems Biology Approach for Identification of Host and Microbial Mechanisms and Druggable Targets for the Treatment of PSC-IBD
CTID: NCT05376228
Phase:    Status: Unknown status
Date: 2022-06-01
Bezlotoxumab (BEZLO) In Addition To Standard Of Care (SOC) Vancomycin For The Treatment of Multi-Recurrent Clostridium Difficile Infection
CTID: NCT03880539
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2022-05-26
Pharmacokinetics of Preoperative Vancomycin
CTID: NCT03453684
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2022-05-24
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Primary Clostridium Difficile Diarrhea
CTID: NCT02801656
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Withdrawn
Date: 2022-04-29
Intracameral Antibiotic Safety Study
CTID: NCT02590523
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Suspended
Date: 2022-04-27
Topical Antibiotics in Chronic Rhinosinusitis
CTID: NCT03673956
Phase: Phase 1/Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2022-04-20
A Comparison of Fidaxomicin and Vancomycin in Patients With CDI Receiving Antibiotics for Concurrent Infections
CTID: NCT02692651
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2022-03-25
Efficacy of Diluted Betadine vs Antibiotic Installation Before Surgical Wound Closure in Prevention of Post Cardiac Surgery Wound Infection
CTID: NCT05276687
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Unknown status
Date: 2022-03-11
Vancomycin Pharmacokinetics in Patients on Peritoneal Dialysis
CTID: NCT03685747
Phase: Phase 1    Status: Completed
Date: 2022-03-03
Prevention of C.Difficile Infections With Oral Vancomycine in Patients Undergoing Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant
CTID: NCT05256693
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Not yet recruiting
Date: 2022-02-25
Pilot Study of Fundamental Modification of the Gut Microbiota in the Treatment of Refractory Crohn's Disease
CTID: NCT03476317
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2022-02-09
Delafloxacin IV and OS Administration Compared to Best Available Therapy in Patients With Surgical Site Infections
CTID: NCT04042077
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Terminated
Date: 2022-02-02
Pharmacokinetics of Vancomycin for Inhalation in Cystic Fibrosis
CTID: NCT01509339
Phase: Phase 1    Status: Withdrawn
Date: 2022-01-12
Preoperative Antibiotics for Carpal Tunnel Release Surgery
CTID: NCT03432858
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2021-11-10
Vancomycin for the Treatment of NAAT(+)/Toxin(-) C. Difficile
CTID: NCT03827447
Phase: Phase 1    Status: Completed
Date: 2021-10-20
TOX NEG Trial: Clostridium Difficile Diagnosis and Treatment
CTID: NCT03388268
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2021-07-26
Optimized Antibiotic Therapy in Patients With Subarachnoid Haemorrhage (ES) and Cerebral Haemorrhage (EC)
CTID: NCT04132115
Phase:    Status: Unknown status
Date: 2021-07-21
To Assess Use of Vancomycin Powder in Craniotomy on Wound Infection Rates
CTID: NCT04917627
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Unknown status
Date: 2021-06-08
Effect of Vancomycin After Catheter Replacement
CTID: NCT04856878
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Not yet recruiting
Date: 2021-04-29
Oral Vancomycin for Preventing Clostridium Difficile Recurrence
CTID: NCT03200093
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Terminated
Date: 2021-04-26
The Effect of an Antibiotic on the Production of Uremic Toxins by the Gut Microbiome
CTID: NCT03452189
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2021-03-26
Antibiotics Continuous Infusion at Home
CTID: NCT04816968
Phase: Phase 1    Status: Unknown status
Date: 2021-03-25
Topical Vancomycin for Neurosurgery Wound Prophylaxis
CTID: NCT02284126
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Unknown status
Date: 2021-03-23
The Effects of Gut Micribiota Disruption on the Immune Response After Open Heart Surgery
CTID: NCT03939273
Phase: N/A    Status: Unknown status
Date: 2021-03-12
Checklist to Prevent MRSA Surgical Site Infections
CTID: NCT02216227
Phase: N/A    Status: Completed
Date: 2021-03-11
Intrawound Vancomycin Powder in Spinal Fusion Surgery
CTID: NCT02631408
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2021-03-03
TD-1792 in Gram-positive Complicated Skin and Skin Structure Infection
CTID: NCT00442832
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2021-01-20
AbioKin - Antibiotic Kinetics
CTID: NCT02609646
Phase:    Status: Completed
Date: 2021-01-19
Safety and Efficacy of Multiple Daily Dosing of Oral LFF571 in Patients With Moderate Clostridium Difficile Infections
CTID: NCT01232595
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2020-12-19
Study Comparing the Safety and Efficacy of Two Doses of BC-3781 vs Vancomycin in Patients With Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infection (ABSSSI)
CTID: NCT01119105
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2020-11-17
Safety and TDM of Continuous Infusion Vancomycin Through Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy Solution
CTID: NCT02663596
Phase: Phase 1    Status: Unknown status
Date: 2020-10-19
A Clinical Trial for Analysis of Intestinal Microbiome Affecting PK, PD, and Safety of Metformin
CTID: NCT03809260
Phase: N/A    Status: Completed
Date: 2020-10-08
The Importance of the Gut Microbiota in Body Weight Control and Insulin Sensitivity
CTID: NCT02241421
Phase: N/A    Status: Completed
Date: 2020-09-10
Vancomycin for C Difficile NAAT+/EIA- Hematology Oncology Patients
CTID: NCT03030248
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2020-09-10
Neonatal Vancomycin Trial
CTID: NCT02790996
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Terminated
Date: 2020-09-09
Effectiveness of Vancomycin Loading Therapy
CTID: NCT01623817
Phase: N/A    Status: Completed
Date: 2020-08-12
MET-2 Clinical Study for Recurrent Clostridium Difficile Infection (CDI)
CTID: NCT02865616
Phase: Phase 1    Status: Completed
Date: 2020-08-11
Investigation of the Gut Microbiota in Regulating Nutrient Absorption in Humans
CTID: NCT02037295
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2020-07-31
A Pilot Study to Characterize Bile Acid Metabolism and Dysbiosis in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
CTID: NCT02464020
Phase: Phase 1    Status: Completed
Date: 2020-07-17
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation by Colonoscopy for Recurrent C. Difficile Infection
CTID: NCT02148601
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2020-07-15
Staphylococcus Aureus Bacteremia Antibiotic Treatment Options
CTID: NCT01792804
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2020-05-27
Vancomycin Plus Moxifloxacin Versus Vancomycin Plus Ceftazidime for the Treatment of Peritoneal Dialysis (PD)-Related Peritonitis
CTID: NCT02787057
Phase: N/A    Status: Completed
Date: 2020-03-26
Vancomycin in Patients With Unresectable Fibrolamellar Hepatocellular Carcinoma (FLC) Oral
CTID: NCT04025567
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Withdrawn
Date: 2020-03-16
A Phase 3 Telavancin Staphylococcus Aureus (S. Aureus) Bacteremia Trial
CTID: NCT02208063
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Terminated
Date: 2020-02-17
First-in-human Study of VE303 in Healthy Adult Volunteers
CTID: NCT04236778
Phase: Phase 1    Status: Completed
Date: 2020-01-27
Regional Prophylactic Vancomycin With Restricted Tourniquet Time in Primary Total Knee Replacement
CTID: NCT03506347
Phase: Phase 2/Phase 3    Status: Completed
Date: 2020-01-27
A Post-marketing, Blinded Study to Investigate How Effective Fidaxomicin is Compared to Vancomycin in the Sustained Cure of Clostridium Difficile Infection in Adults That Are Receiving Therapy to Suppress the Immune System
CTID: NCT01775397
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Terminated
Date: 2020-01-13
Beneficial Bacteria Treatment for Autism
CTID: NCT02504554
Phase: Phase 1/Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2019-12-18
A Study to Assess Objective Endpoint Measurements of Response in Bacterial Skin Infections
CTID: NCT01283581
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Completed
Date: 2019-10-16
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Relaps
Ramdomized non-inferiority clinical trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of short duration therapy for non complicated enterococcal bacteremia.
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Ongoing
Date: 2022-02-21
Prevention of C. difficile infections with oral vancomycin in patients treated for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial ”
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Trial now transitioned
Date: 2022-02-17
Efficacy and safety of different antimicrobial DURATions for the treatment of infections associated with Osteosynthesis
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Ongoing
Date: 2022-02-14
Impact of Model-Informed Precision Dosing of Vancomycin in Adults: A randomized, controlled clinical trial
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2021-09-22
Antibiotic Impregnated Bone Graft to reduce infection in hip replacement. The ABOGRAFT trial
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Trial now transitioned
Date: 2021-06-29
Prophylactic treatment of breast implants with a solution of gentamicin, vancomycin and cefazolin antibiotics for women undergoing breast reconstructive surgery: a randomized controlled trial (The BREAST-AB trial)
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Trial now transitioned
Date: 2020-12-17
A multicentric randomised controlled clinical trial to study the impact of bedside model-informed precision dosing of vancomycin in critically ill children.
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Completed
Date: 2020-11-20
Short-course antibiotic regimen compared to conventional antibiotic treatment for gram-positive cocci infective endocarditis: randomized clinical trial
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Ongoing
Date: 2019-12-10
A randomized, observer-blinded, active-controlled, Phase IIIb study to compare IV / Oral delafloxacin fixed-dose monotherapy with best available treatments in a microbiologically enriched population with surgical site infections
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Completed, Prematurely Ended
Date: 2019-08-19
A Phase 3, randomized, double-blind, active controlled study to compare the efficacy and safety of ridinilazole (200 mg, bid) for 10 days with vancomycin (125 mg, qid) for 10 days in the treatment of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI).
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Ongoing, Prematurely Ended, Completed
Date: 2019-07-05
A Phase 3, randomized, double-blind, active controlled study to compare the efficacy and safety of ridinilazole (200 mg, bid) for 10 days with vancomycin (125 mg, qid) for 10 days in the treatment of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI).
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 3    Status: Ongoing, Prematurely Ended, Completed
Date: 2019-03-13
Effects of antibiotics on micobiota, pulmonary immune response and incidence of ventilator-associated infections
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Prematurely Ended
Date: 2019-01-14
Pharmacokinetics of different antibiotics in cerebrospinal fluid in children with malignant brain tumors – a pilot study
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 1    Status: Ongoing
Date: 2018-09-27
Pharmacokinetics of antibiotics in cerebrospinal fluid of children with external ventricular drain
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Ongoing
Date: 2018-09-27
Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 - Suspension for treatment of patients with Clostridium difficile associated diarrhoea
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Prematurely Ended
Date: 2018-09-03
A randomized, controlled, evaluator-blinded, multi-center study to evaluate LYS228 pharmacokinetics, clinical response, safety, and tolerability in patients with complicated intra-abdominal infection
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 2    Status: Prematurely Ended
Date: 2018-08-08
Phase IV, randomized, open, parallel groups clinical trial for evaluating the early Stop of antibiotic Treatment in febrile neutropenic Oncohematological Paediatric patients.
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Ongoing
Date: 2018-06-05
Randomized clinical trial on the need for antibiotic to treat low-risk catheter bacteremia due to coagulase-negative staphylococci.
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 4    Status: Prematurely Ended
Date: 2018-04-25
Development of intravascular microdialysis as a tool for therapeutic drug monitoring in children.
CTID: null
Phase: Phase 1    Status: Prematurely Ended
Date: 2018-03-20
Biological Data
  • Effect of vancomycin on Clostridium difficile-infected mice during acute infection and posttreatment.[3].Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2013 Feb;57(2):689-96.
  • Intestinal histopathology. Shown are representative H&E-stained cecal tissues from infected mice treated or not with vancomycin for 5 days.[3].Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2013 Feb;57(2):689-96.
  • Clostridial and toxin burdens in cecal contents at peak of infection, post-vancomycin treatment, and at relapse.[3].Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2013 Feb;57(2):689-96.
  • Effect of duration of vancomycin treatment on disease and survival in mice with CDI. [3].Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2013 Feb;57(2):689-96.
  • Effect of vancomycin, fidaxomicin, or metronidazole on Clostridium difficile-infected mice during acute infection and posttreatment.[3].Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2013 Feb;57(2):689-96..
  • Effect of preexposure to vancomycin, fidaxomicin, or metronidazole on C.[3].Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2013 Feb;57(2):689-96.
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