| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1g |
|
||
| 5g |
|
||
| 10g |
|
||
| 25g |
|
||
| Other Sizes |
|
Purity: ≥98%
Verapamil (sold under various trade names such as: Calan, Cordilox, Dexverapamil, Falicard, Finoptin, Hydrochloride, Verapamil, Iproveratril, Isoptin, Isoptine, Izoptin, Lekoptin) is a selective and potent L-type calcium channel blocker in the phenylalkylamine class, it is an FDA approved medication used for the treatment of high blood pressure, angina (chest pain from not enough blood flow to the heart), and supraventricular tachycardia. It may also be used for the prevention of migraines and cluster headaches. It is given by mouth or by injection into a vein.. Verapamil hydrochloride blocks the L-type Ca2+ channels in smooth and cardiac muscle cells. Verapamil is an antiarrhythmic agent and vasodilator known to reduce the renal clearance of digoxin and induce apoptosis in primary and metastatic colon adenocarcinoma human cell lines in vitro. It has been observed that verapamil can induce currents by itself, presumably by acting on the potassium and chloride leakage.
| Targets |
Calcium channel; Permeability-glycoprotein (P-gp); CYP3A4[1]
|
||
|---|---|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
Citric medicines limit the uptake of EverFluor FL Verapamil (EFV) by TR-iBRB2 cells, while verapamil inhibits the uptake in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC50 of 98.0 μM[4].
|
||
| ln Vivo |
Verapamil, when taken orally, can help control the atrioventricular nodal response in atrial fibrillation and prevent atrioventricular reentry tachycardia[2]. IV verapamil injections are given into femoral veins before ischemia occurs. The incidence of ventricular arrhythmias, such as ventricular tachycardia (VT), ventricular fibrillation (VF), and premature ventricular contractions (PVC), is significantly reduced by verapamil (1 mg/kg) for 45-minute coronary artery occlusion. When the heart experiences ischemia, the total arrhythmia score rises noticeably. The enhancement of total arrhythmia scores brought on by ischemia is significantly inhibited by verapamil (1 mg/kg)[5].
|
||
| Enzyme Assay |
Methods: EverFluor FL Verapamil (EFV) was adopted as the fluorescent probe of verapamil, and its transport across the BRB was investigated with common carotid artery infusion in rats. EFV transport at the inner and outer BRB was investigated with TR-iBRB2 cells and RPE-J cells, respectively. Results: The signal of EFV was detected in the retinal tissue during the weak signal of cell impermeable compound. In TR-iBRB2 cells, the localization of EFV differed from that of LysoTracker® Red, a lysosomotropic agent, and was not altered by acute treatment with NH4Cl. In RPE-J cells, the punctate distribution of EFV was partially observed, and this was reduced by acute treatment with NH4Cl. EFV uptake by TR-iBRB2 cells was temperature-dependent and membrane potential- and pH-independent, and was significantly reduced by NH4Cl treatment during no significant effect obtained by different extracellular pH and V-ATPase inhibitor. The EFV uptake by TR-iBRB2 cells was inhibited by cationic drugs, and inhibited by verapamil in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC50 of 98.0 μM[4].
|
||
| Cell Assay |
The antiarrhythmic effects of verapamil were observed before it was appreciated that it was a calcium ion-antagonist. Intravenous verapamil is highly effective in the termination of paroxysmal reciprocating atrioventricular tachycardia, whether associated with preexcitation or involving the atrioventricular node alone. It consistently slows and regularises the ventricular response in atrial fibrillation, and usually increases the degree of AV-nodal block in atrial flutter though it occasionally induces a return to sinus rhythm. Given orally it is useful for the prophylaxis of atrioventricular reentry tachycardia, and also in modulating the atrioventricular nodal response in atrial fibrillation. Favourable response in ventricular tachycardia is exceptional and then seen in specific benign varieties. Verapamil is the agent of choice for the termination of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia[2].
|
||
| Animal Protocol |
|
||
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Effects During Pregnancy and Lactation
◉ Summary of Use during Lactation Limited information indicates that maternal doses of verapamil up to 360 mg daily produce low levels in milk. Newborns may have detectable verapamil serum levels, but levels are low. Verapamil would not be expected to cause any adverse effects in breastfed infants, especially if the infant is older than 2 months. ◉ Effects in Breastfed Infants No adverse reactions have been reported among 3 infants aged 13 days, 8 weeks and 3 months who were exposed to verapamil in breastmilk. ◉ Effects on Lactation and Breastmilk Verapamil can cause hyperprolactinemia and galactorrhea. The clinical relevance of these findings in nursing mothers is not known. The maternal prolactin level in a mother with established lactation may not affect her ability to breastfeed. |
||
| References | |||
| Additional Infomation |
Verapamil Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride form of Verapamil, which is a phenylalkylamine calcium channel blocking agent. Verapamil inhibits the transmembrane influx of extracellular calcium ions into myocardial and vascular smooth muscle cells, causing dilatation of the main coronary and systemic arteries and decreasing myocardial contractility. This agent also inhibits the drug efflux pump P-glycoprotein which is overexpressed in some multi-drug resistant tumors and may improve the efficacy of some antineoplastic agents. (NCI04)
A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent. See also: Verapamil (has active moiety); Trandolapril; verapamil hydrochloride (component of). |
| Molecular Formula |
C27H38N2O4.HCL
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
491.06
|
|
| Exact Mass |
490.259
|
|
| Elemental Analysis |
C, 66.04; H, 8.01; Cl, 7.22; N, 5.70; O, 13.03
|
|
| CAS # |
152-11-4
|
|
| Related CAS # |
Verapamil;52-53-9;Verapamil-d3 hydrochloride;Verapamil-d6 hydrochloride;1185032-80-7;Verapamil-d3-1 hydrochloride;2714485-49-9
|
|
| PubChem CID |
62969
|
|
| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
|
|
| Density |
1.058g/cm3
|
|
| Boiling Point |
586.1ºC at 760 mmHg
|
|
| Melting Point |
142 °C (dec.)(lit.)
|
|
| Flash Point |
308.3ºC
|
|
| LogP |
5.895
|
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
|
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
6
|
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
13
|
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
34
|
|
| Complexity |
606
|
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
|
|
| SMILES |
Cl[H].O(C([H])([H])[H])C1=C(C([H])=C([H])C(=C1[H])C(C#N)(C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])N(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C1C([H])=C([H])C(=C(C=1[H])OC([H])([H])[H])OC([H])([H])[H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H])OC([H])([H])[H]
|
|
| InChi Key |
DOQPXTMNIUCOSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
|
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C27H38N2O4.ClH/c1-20(2)27(19-28,22-10-12-24(31-5)26(18-22)33-7)14-8-15-29(3)16-13-21-9-11-23(30-4)25(17-21)32-6;/h9-12,17-18,20H,8,13-16H2,1-7H3;1H
|
|
| Chemical Name |
2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl-methylamino]-2-propan-2-ylpentanenitrile hydrochloride
|
|
| Synonyms |
|
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light. |
|
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
|
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 5 mg/mL (10.18 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (4.24 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (4.24 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 4: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (4.24 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL corn oil and mix evenly. Solubility in Formulation 5: 25 mg/mL (50.91 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with ultrasonication. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.0364 mL | 10.1821 mL | 20.3641 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4073 mL | 2.0364 mL | 4.0728 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2036 mL | 1.0182 mL | 2.0364 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
| NCT Number | Recruitment | interventions | Conditions | Sponsor/Collaborators | Start Date | Phases |
| NCT00983242 | Completed Has Results | Drug: Colchicine Drug: Verapamil HCl ER |
Pharmacokinetics | Mutual Pharmaceutical Company, Inc. | September 2008 | Phase 1 |
| NCT04545151 | Recruiting | Drug: Verapamil SR 120 mg Drug: Placebo |
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 | Medical University of Graz | February 8, 2021 | Phase 2 |
| NCT02209155 | Terminated | Drug: R-verapamil 75 mg tablet Drug: Placebo |
Episodic Cluster Headache | Center Laboratories, Inc. | November 2013 | Phase 2 |
| NCT00133692 | Completed | Drug: Verapamil SR/Trandolapril /Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) |
Hypertension Coronary Artery Disease |
University of Florida | September 1997 | Phase 4 |
Products are for research use only; We do not sell to patients
Copyright 2020 InvivoChem LLC | All Rights Reserved
COA