Absorption, Distribution and Excretion
XYLOSE HAS BEEN SHOWN TO GET INTO AQ HUMOR /OF RATS/ FROM GENERAL CIRCULATION & THEREFORE TO HAVE ACCESS TO LENS.
/ABSORBED/ FROM GI TRACT...5-G DOSES...ABSORBED MORE RAPIDLY & COMPLETELY THAN ARE 25-G DOSES...AT LEAST 60%...ABSORBED IN PROXIMAL PART OF SMALL INTESTINE... NOT DEPENDENT UPON PRESENCE OF BILE OR PANCREATIC JUICE.../PEAK BLOOD LEVELS/ 1 TO 2 HR...TO 0 AFTER...5 HR /HUMAN, ORAL 5 OR 25 G/.
PLASMA HALF-LIFE...ABOUT 1 HR /IV ADMIN/...ABOUT 60%...METABOLIZED TO CARBON DIOXIDE & WATER, D-THREITOL, &...UNIDENTIFIED METABOLITES...EXCRETED IN URINE...ABOUT 25% OF 25 G /DOSE/ & ABOUT 35% OF 5 G /DOSE/ EXCRETED UNCHANGED IN URINE WITHIN 5 HR /HUMAN, ORAL/.
URINARY EXCRETION /MAINLY BY/ GLOMERULAR FILTRATION...SOME TUBULAR RESORPTION MAY OCCUR /HUMAN, ORAL/.
For more Absorption, Distribution and Excretion (Complete) data for (D)-XYLOSE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

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Metabolism / Metabolites
...RAT-LIVER MICROSOMES CATALYZE THE TRANSFER OF...XYLOSE TO BILIRUBIN, FROM...UDP-XYLOSE...
ABOUT 60% OF ABSORBED XYLOSE IS METABOLIZED TO CARBON DIOXIDE & WATER, D-THREITOL, & OTHER UNIDENTIFIED METABOLITES /HUMAN, ORAL/.
AFTER IP INJECTION OF (14)C-LABELED D-XYLOSE INTO GUINEA PIGS, 10.8 OF RADIOACTIVITY WAS RECOVERED AS EXPIRED CARBON DIOXIDE IN 4 HR & 41.3 AS URINARY (14)CARBON IN 5 HR. APPROX 60 OF URINARY RADIOACTIVITY WAS D-XYLOSE.
(14)C-LABELED D-XYLONIC ACID WAS OXIDIZED TO LABELED CARBON DIOXIDE BY INTACT ANIMALS & IN VITRO BY KIDNEY & LIVER. OXIDATION OF D-XYLOSE BY GUINEA PIG PROBABLY INVOLVES ITS INITIAL CONVERSION TO D-XYLONIC ACID & SUBSEQUENT DECARBOXYLATION.
IN VITRO KIDNEY & LIVER COULD OXIDIZE D-XYLOSE TO CARBON DIOXIDE. LIVER EXTRACT COULD CATALYZE CONVERSION TO D-XYLONIC ACID WITH PYRIDINE NUCLEOTIDE AS COFACTOR. THIS ENZYME ACTIVITY WAS DIFFERENT FROM HEPATIC GLUCOSE DEHYDROGENASE.

Interactions
D-XYLOSE RELIEVED INHIBITION BY PUROMYCIN & CYCLOHEXIMIDE OF INCORPORATION OF ACETATE INTO CHONDROITIN SULFATE IN WHOLE TIBIAS & FEMURS OF EMBRYONIC CHICKEN CARTILAGE.
ADDN OF GUAR TO ORAL DOSAGE OF D-XYLOSE SLOWED DOWN GI ABSORPTION OF D-XYLOSE IN VOLUNTEERS. TOTAL AMT ABSORBED & PLASMA T/2 OF D-XYLOSE WERE NOT AFFECTED.
CONCOMITANT ADMIN OF INDOMETHACIN, NEOMYCIN, PHENFORMIN, COLCHICINE, OR LARGE DOSES OF AMINOSALICYLIC ACID WITH D-XYLOSE INHIBITS INTESTINAL ABSORPTION OF D-XYLOSE /REDUCING/ QUANTITIES OF SUGAR BEING EXCRETED...ASPIRIN /REDUCES URINARY EXCRETION OF D-XYLOSE/ APPARENTLY BY ALTERING RENAL FUNCTION.

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Non-Human Toxicity Values
LD50 Mouse oral 23 g/kg
LD50 Mouse iv 11,300 mg/kg

Aldehydo-D-xylose is a D-xylose. It has a role as a human metabolite and a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite.
DL-Xylose has been reported in Elliottia paniculata, Tecoma stans, and other organisms with data available.
aldehydo-D-Xylose is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
See also: D-Xylose (annotation moved to).

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Therapeutic Uses
XYLOSE BLOOD LEVEL MEASUREMENTS...TO DETERMINE WHETHER ABNORMALLY LOW URINARY XYLOSE EXCRETION IS DUE TO IMPAIRED ABSORPTION OR RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. BLOOD XYLOSE LEVELS /DETERMINED/ 2 HR AFTER INGESTION OF 25 G DOSE.
/DIFFERENTIATE/ STEATORRHEA CAUSED BY PANCREATIC INSUFFICIENCY FROM THAT CAUSED BY MALABSORPTION /5 G DISSOLVED IN 150 ML WATER OR 25 G DISSOLVED IN 250 ML WATER, FOLLOWED BY 250 ML WATER, ORAL. URINE POOLED DURING NEXT 5 HR & QUANTITY OF XYLOSE DETERMINED/.
EVALUATE INTESTINAL ABSORPTION...DIAGNOSIS OF MALABSORPTIVE STATES DUE TO DISEASES INVOLVING INTESTINAL MUCOSA /5 G DISSOLVED IN 150 ML WATER OR 25 G DISSOLVED IN 250 ML WATER, FOLLOWED BY 250 ML WATER, ORAL. URINE POOLED DURING NEXT 5 HR & QUANTITY OF XYLOSE DETERMINED/.
DIAGNOSIS OF MALABSORPTIVE STATES DUE TO...SURGICAL RESECTION. /ASSESS/ DEG OF IMPAIRED ABSORPTION OR EXTENT OF RESPONSE TO THERAPY /5 G DISSOLVED IN 250 ML WATER & ADMIN ORALLY. ADDITIONAL FLUIDS PERMITTED. URINE COLLECTED IN 2 CONSECUTIVE PERIODS OF 2 & 3 HR. XYLOSE CONTENT DETERMINED/.
FOR INFANTS, YOUNG CHILDREN OR ELDERLY INCONTINENT PATIENTS...XYLOSE BLOOD LEVELS MAY BE USED TO EVALUATE INTESTINAL ABSORPTION /500 MG/KG BODY WT (OR MAX OF 25 G) AS 5-10% AQ SOLN, ORAL. XYLOSE LEVELS ARE DETERMINED IN BLOOD SAMPLES TAKEN 30 MIN, 1 HR, & 2 HR AFTER XYLOSE ADMIN/.

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Drug Warnings
URINARY EXCRETION OF XYLOSE IN PATIENTS OLDER THAN 60 YR OF AGE IS USUALLY LOW...XYLOSE TEST SHOULD BE USED IN PREGNANT WOMEN OR WOMEN WHO MAY BECOME PREGNANT ONLY WHEN POTENTIAL BENEFITS OUTWEIGH POSSIBLE HAZARDS.
CONDITIONS WHICH CAN PRODUCE "FALSE-POS" TEST VALUES INCLUDE VOMITING, GASTRIC STASIS, THYROID DYSFUNCTION & SEVERE DIARRHEA FOLLOWING INGESTION OF TEST DOSE. PATIENTS WITH THYROTOXICOSIS HAVE SHOWN INCREASED URINARY EXCRETION OF XYLOSE.
USE OF XYLOSE TEST REQUIRES CLOSE ATTENTION TO TECHNICAL DETAILS...IN PATIENTS WITH IMPAIRED RENAL FUNCTION, DEHYDRATION, INADEQUATE CIRCULATING BLOOD VOL, EDEMA OR MASSIVE ASCITES, URINARY EXCRETION OF D-XYLOSE WILL BE LOWER THAN NORMAL & THUS PRODUCE "FALSE-POS" TEST VALUES.

C5H10O5

150.1299

150.053

25990-60-7

25702-75-4

644160

White to off-white solid powder

1.757g/cm3

333.2ºC at 760mmHg

133-136ºC

155.3ºC

-2.3

4

5

4

10

104

3

C([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](C=O)O)O)O)O

PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-VPENINKCSA-N

InChI=1S/C5H10O5/c6-1-3(8)5(10)4(9)2-7/h1,3-5,7-10H,2H2/t3-,4+,5+/m0/s1

(2R,3S,4R)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxypentanal

2934.99.9001

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

H2O : ~125 mg/mL (~832.61 mM)

Solubility in Formulation 1: 50 mg/mL (333.04 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with sonication.

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 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)